Writing Skills

Interview a disable person who has achieved a unique success.

Interviewer : Hello, Sudhaji Good morning.
Interviewee : Good morning.
Interviewer : Ma’m, I would like to know about your successful journey in life.
Interviewee : Yes, it’s a long and colourful filled with difficulties.
Interviewer : How did you loose your leg?
Interviewee : In an accident. That shocked me. I worried about dancing .But the confidence and faith made me not only stand on my feet but also dance.
Interviewer : How did you overcome that?
Interviewee : While learning dancing I had many difficulties. Thanks to ‘Jaipur Foot’. The support of doctor and parents helped to regain my confidence.
Interviewer : Is the film ‘Nache Mayuri’ based on your real life story?
Interviewee : Yes, it is. I myself have acted in it.
Interviewer : What do you like to tell the disable?
Interviewee : You will never know unless you try.
Interviewer : Thank you, madam for sharing your life story with us.

2)Imagine your friend has passed the std-X examination with a distinction in spite of his/her being seriously ill during the examination. Write a letter congratulating him/her for the success.
X.Y.Z.
Marine line,
Mumbai-400001.
30th Dec 2013.
Dear Reshma,
Heartiest congratulation on your brilliant success in S.S.C. examination .I am proud of you. In your earlier letter you have mentioned about your illness during the examination. You have beaten the hardship. You have sought distinction in the exam so it will be easy for you to get admission in the college of your choice. You should remember one thing .Study keep mental intact. Playing and exercise maintain physical health. Skipping exercise and play for study, is not a worthy idea. It make us ill at the eleventh hour.
Why should I give you a sermon at the hour of rejoice? You are aware of the advantages of sports and other extra-curricular activities. Please do write soon and often.
With best wishes to all our friends.
X.Y. Zed

3)Imagine that the editor of a newspaper has made a general appeal to send opinions for ‘view-counterview’ column of the newspaper on the topic ‘should there be a law to force children to look after their old parents? Prepare your write up with the help of following points.
X.Y.Z.
Marine line,
Mumbai-400001.
October 22-2013


Sub:- write up on ‘should there be laws on to force children to look after their parents?
Sir,
As per your appeal, I forward my write up. Looking after old parents is must. But by laws, no way. The care and worry for the parents should be heartfelt. The law will compel the children to keep parents at the home but not at heart. No court can make children feel worried about their parent. Law helps those who make complaint. Would parents take legal action against children? They would prefer to suffer. Values are not taught, these are to be caught . Elderly people should be well protected and given the due care . It is the responsibility of the children . If any youth does not bother to look after his parents, instead of punishing that youth , his parents should be given helping hand by govt. or NGO. the government should open old age security home.Enforced help will do no better job.
Kindly publish my views in your esteem newspaper
Thanking you,
Yours obediently,
X.Y.Z
4)Imagine that you are staying in a government hostel, you feel extremely Home sick. Write a letter to your parent explaining that how much you are missing and remembering them. Also state about your study progress and examination.
Jijamata Govt. Hostel
15,Nehru Park,
Aurangabad-431002
20 September 2013
Dear father,

Since long I have not received your letter or any phone call.These days I feel homesick. If I were a bird, I would have been with you at present. I am eager to meet mother, little Sony and you. I miss you a lot. My first term exam is about to be held in the next month . I have to prepare for that but my homesickness takes me away from study. You need not worry. Just send a letter and family photograph along with additional one thousand rupees to buy Alarm watch. Our teacher of English is a kind and disciplined person. Under his guidance, I am improving myself. My room mates at hostel are studious and of helping nature. Convey my regards to mother. Remember me to Raju, Ahmad and Christopher.
Yours Lovingly

X.Y.Z. `


5) On the occasion of a ‘Mother’s Day’ write a letter to your mother thanking her for the valuable thing you have learnt from her
Gujarati Govt.Hostel
15,Nehru Park,
Aurangabad 43002
October 22-2013
Dear mother,

Celebration of ‘Mother’s Day’ made me think about you. At hostel I really miss you . I remember you and the thing you taught me. You inspired me to go ahead and kiss the world .You made me take interest in reading newspaper . That made my awareness about the world. You taught me to respect subordinates too. Man should be treated as man It is from you I got my confidence. Your teaching enabled me to face the challenges of life.I am really grateful for the thing you have taught me. Thanks a lot.
Wish you very happy Mother’s Day’

Your loving son
x. y. z.
7)Your school has arranged an excursion or trip to Hyderabad. write a letter to your father asking for the permission and Rs150as the fare.
X. Y. Z.
East Hostel
V. M. V. College,
Amravati
February 13,2014
Dear father,
I find myself stumbling to write you a letter. I know that paying me extra would burden you. Another reason that stumbles me is that I know not how to start the letter. I am short of words and full of emotion suddenly I feel homesick .
I write this letter with special purpose. Our school has organized a picnic and educational tour to Hyderabad. I want to join them .The fare of the tour is Rs.-1500. I hope you will say ‘yes’ as always you do. Dad, please send Rs-1500 with your love and permission, love to mother ,Chotu, and uncle.
Your Lovingly son
X. Y. Z.






8)Prepare a letter addressing to the editor of a newspaper highlighting the road mishap problem in your area.
X. Y. Z.
Red villa,
Marine line
Mumbai-400001
2 March 2008
To,
The Editor,
The Indian Express,
Mumbai-o4

Sir,
I humbly bring your attention to the problem we are facing since long.The road mishaps in our area have become a grave problem for us. Due to the worst street, uncovered manholes potholes, encroachment along the road side and ever increasing traffic the area has become a death trap.
Despite several appeals the concerning authorities have turned a deaf ear. Diversion of traffic through other road will avoid the accidents


Yours truly, X. Y. Z

9) Imagine that your friend really needs a confidence building message. Write him/her a letter communicating the same advice.

SanskaNiwas
Sai Gruh Niman Society
Gadchandur-442908
Sept.15,2014
Dear Ganesh,
I am really shocked about your decision of discontinuing the study the reason behind that made me surprised. Failure or low score is not the end. You scored low in H.S.C. and want to discontinue study.
It’s not good to quit when thing go wrong. Stick to your effort, you might succeed next year. Many courses are available after H.S.C. Join one of them. Remember ‘quitter never wins, winner never quits’.
success may be near when it seems after so think over your decision with positive outlook.
Please do write soon and often.





Yours lovingly ,
x.y.z.




10) Write a letter to your mother expressing your point of view as a teenager on the issue of domestic duties.

T-10 Rathsaptmi Apt
Laxmi Nagar,
Nagpur-440001
Sept.16/2013
Dear mother,
I read your letter recently. It should your love and worry for us. You cited your teenage in the letter that will work guideline for us. As a teenager we should take interest in domestic duties as the school
and college learning, one has to perform domestic duties. These can not be learnt at once from any book. Teenage is the right time to expose us to don’t understand why only girlchild is exposed to
and burdened with domestic duties.Performing the duties is fun, if done with interest.



Your loving son,
X.Y.Zed

REWRITE AS SIMPLE SENTENCE

To convert a sentence into a simple sentence by removing subordinate or coordinate conjunctions, you can follow these steps:

1. Identify the main clause in the sentence. This is the clause that expresses the main idea of the sentence. 

 2. Remove any subordinate or coordinate conjunctions (such as "although," "because," "and," "or," etc.) that connect the main clause to other clauses. 

 3. Make necessary changes to keep only one clause i.e. one subject one finite verb in the sentence. 

 4. Make use of gerund, present participle and infinitive to make simple sentence. 

5.  Check the sentence for grammatical accuracy and clarity. Make any necessary revisions to ensure the simple sentence is clear and easy to understand.

Subordinate किंवा co-ordinate संयोग काढून वाक्याला साध्या वाक्यात रूपांतरित करण्यासाठी, तुम्ही या चरणांचे अनुसरण करू शकता: 

1. वाक्यातील मुख्य clause ओळखा. 

2. Conjunction  (जसे की "although," "because," "and," "or," इ.) काढून टाका जे मुख्य वाक्य इतर वाक्याशी जोडतात. 3. वाक्यात फक्त एकच क्लॉज म्हणजेच एक विषय एक मर्यादित क्रियापद ठेवण्यासाठी आवश्यक बदल करा. 4. साधे वाक्य बनवण्यासाठी gerund, present participle आणि infinitive चा वापर करा. 5. व्याकरणातील अचूकता आणि स्पष्टतेसाठी वाक्य तपासा. साधे वाक्य स्पष्ट आणि समजण्यास सोपे आहे याची खात्री करण्यासाठी आवश्यक पुनरावृत्ती करा.

Examples 

1] I had the surgery and I’m fine now.

Ans:- After having surgery I'm fine now.

2] An ancient settlement that dates back to Roman times existed here.
An ancient settlement dating back to Roman times existed here.

3] Though she was tired ,she read to him every night
In spite of being tired ,she read to him.

4] He was poor but he helped the poor .
Ans: -In spite of being poor , he helped the poor.

5] David ,who was blind ,broached an old subject with a new intensity
Ans: -Blind David broached an old subject with a new intensity.  Or. David being blind broached an old subject with a new intensity. 

6] You are now part of a cultural revolution that has ushered in the bright ages.
Ans:- You are now part of a cultural revolution having ushered in bright ages.

7] She grabs a fly swatter and clobbers the fugitive to pulp.
Grabbing a fly swatter she clobbers the fugitive to pulp.

8] He ran fast and made a goal
Ans:- Running fast ,he made goal.

9] It was Yamuna who first conveyed to us the news of the deluge in Mumbai.
Ans:- Yamuna conveyed first to us the news of the deluge in Mumbai.

10] It was at the age of 82 that mother had a paralytic stroke.
Ans:-At the age of 82, mother had a paralytic stroke.

EXERCISE: Rewrite as simple sentence

1] It destroyed life and property and brought in untold miseries

2] Anyone who appeared ill prepared for an examination will testify

3] A problem which had proved a hard nut to crack, was solved yesterday in a jiffy.

4] They predate the textronic transformation that is making sms an extension of the mind.

5] Expert warn of potentially abrupt changes which could seriously affect human being.

Click for Rewrite as Complex Sentence

USE OF WH-QUESTION IN CONVERSATION

The practice of  these questions will enable learners to speak English . 

1]What colour is your bag ?
Ans:-My bag is blue.
2]Where is the camera ?
Ans:- in my bag.
3]Who was that women ?
Ans:-Satish's mother.
4]How is Suresh?
Ans:- He is fine / He is getting well.
5]Why were you late ?
Ans :-Because I woke up late.
6]Which class do you study in ?
Ans:-in std. 9th
7]Where do you go ?
Ans;-I go to market/ to school.
8]Hello ! what is your name ?
Ans:- I am Mahesh .
9]How old are you ?
Ans :-I am fifteen.
10]What are your favourite subjects ?
Ans:- History ,science and English .
11]What are your hobbies ?
Ans:-Singing ,gardening are my hobbies .
12]What is your father ?
Ans:-My father is a farmer.
13]What newspaper ,do you read ?
Ans:-I read “The Lokmat ‘/ Deshonnati.
14]What is your favourite game ?
Ans:-Cricket.
15]Who is your class –teacher ?
Ans:-Battulwar sir is my class teacher.
16]What time is it now ?
Ans:-It is 5 o’ clock /6.30 p.m. /10 To 4
17]What day is today ?
Ans:-Today is Sunday ./ Monday.
18]How do you go to school ?
Ans:-I go to school by cycle/ on foot.
19]When do you get up ?
Ans:-I get up at 6 A.M.
20]Who teaches you English ?
Ans:-Mr.R. C. Patil teaches me English .
21  Why are you so nervous ?
  Ans. I have not completed assignment .

Grammar Worksheet : Do as directed

Que-1-  Rewrite into indirect speech

A) He said to me, “Bring me a book.”
B) He said “You’re not working hard enough.”
C) “Did you see the woman yesterday?” said the girl to her mother.
D) He said, “Don’t do it.
E) “What a terrible noise!” she said
 F)He said , “which is your bicycle”
G) She said , “I am going to Kolhapur tomorrow”
h) They said "We can’t do it now”
I)They said “It is not at all true”
J) “The oracle”, he said , “chose me as the wisest Athenian because I am the only one who knows that he doesn’t know anything”

Que-2- Change the voice.
a) They are inspired by ideas.
b) They must be protected.
c) They are lifting the bodies.
d) He has outlasted them all.
e) Look at the condition of woman.

 Que-3 Rewrite the following sentences into Assertive 
 1) How amazing it is!
 2) What a foolish job he has done!
 3) Who knows nature’s secret?
 4) Is it fair to neglect woman’s plight
5) is there any room for secrecy under Bapuji’s leadership?


 Que-4 Change the Degree 
1) Mrs. Grantley is one of my best friends.
2) Bangalore is the biggest electronic city in India
 3) No other civil or military mobilization in human history is as large as it
4) Socrates was the wisest Athenian.
5) The food is one of the most essential factors in building and maintaining health

 Que -5- Do as directed 
1)Unless you take heed, you will again put to shame (Use if……..not)
 2)If the patient is not operated immediately, he will die. (Use unless)

3) No Admission Without permission (Turn in Conditional Clause using “If……not”)
 4) Stray cattle should be rounded up and auctioned by police so that cattle owners will understand the seriousness of the problem (Use if…..not)
 5) He will not pass the exam (Complete the Sentence using “if…..not”)
 6) you must have another watch. (Rewrite the sentence with a model auxiliary showing ‘advice’)
 7) I________ have my money back. (Use a suitable modal auxiliary expressing obligation)
8) we cannot forget this truth (Use ‘able to’)
9) I used to watch people coming back from fields. (Remove ‘used to’)
10) I went to villages. (Use a modal auxiliary indicating repeated occurrence)
 11) Her mother does not understand her. (Rewrite as affirmative)
12) When they stopped for a drink of water, Guymon heard a noise. (Use No Sooner)
13) Authorities planned to seal the mine off as soon as the rescue effort was abandoned. (Use No sooner……than)
14) An egg fell. It broke in to pieces (Join the sentence using Hardly-when)
 15) There was a noticeable odour of burning cloth. (Rewrite as complex)
16) Madhav was too tired to go any further. (Rewrite as Complex)
 17) I had published short stories in London.
          (Frame a ‘wh’ question to get underlined part as an answer)
18)Identify the noun, adjective and verb from the list beautify, personal, hatred
19)Match the antonyms
a)increase          1)export
 b)rarely             2)decrease
 c)import            3)frequently
20)Match the words with their meaning
a)plentiful                         1)vanish
 b)defective                       2)abundant
 c)difference                      3)faulty
 d)disappear                      4)distinction




21)It is a one sided affair. (Add a question tag)
22) The moment Sachin scored a century, he was greeted by Rahul. (use Hardly….When)
23) But he refused to do so (Rewrite using gerund)
24) I will be rescued (Rewrite in future perfect tense)
25)The snow has accumulated into thick layers. (Rewrite in present perfect continuous)
26) They compete for space in which to live as well as for light and air. (Use not only …..but also)
27) It is convenient (Rewrite as negative)
28) punctuate the following
the old man asked what are you doing there my child
29) Rustomji got the paper framed and hung it up in his office. (Rewrite as simple sentence)
30)Great leaders inspire a whole people to do great deeds (Use noun form of the underlined word)
31)They made a big hole in the wall (Rewrite as an exclamatory)
32)At night the runners were accompanied torch bearers ( Begin the sentence with ‘Torch bearers’)
33)Television can be quicker than any other means of reaching people (Begin with ‘No other…….)
34)They made a big hole in the wall. They entered the house. (use ‘by+ing’ form of the verb and join)
35) Uses of television are many.  (Begin with ‘There………)

Click the "Show/Hide" button to toggle between hiding and showing the answers:

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Key

Que-1- Rewrite into indirect speech
A) He asked me to bring him a book.
B)  He said that she was not working hard enough.
C) The girl asked her mother if she had seen the woman the day before.
D) He asked not to do it.
E) She exclaimed that it was a terrible noise.
 F) He asked which bicycle was his.
G) She said that she was going to Kolhapur next day.
h) They said that they couldn’t do it then.
I) They said that it was not at all true.
J) He said that the Oracle had chosen him as the wisest Athenian because he was the only who knew that he didn’t know anything.

Que-2- Change the voice.
a) Ideas inspire them.
b) We must protect them.
c) The bodies are being lifted by them.
d) All of them have been outlasted.by him.
e) Le the condition of woman be looked at.

 Que-3 Rewrite the following sentences into Assertive 
 1) It is really amazing.
 2) He has done a very foolish job.
 3) No one knows nature’s secret.( Rhetorical into assertive)
 4It is not fair to neglect woman’s plight.
5)  There is no room for secrecy under Bapuji’s leadership.

 Que-4 Change the Degree 

1)      Posi: Very few of my friends are as good as Mrs. Grantley.

 Comp : Mrs Grantley is better than many other my friends.

2)      Posi : No other electronic city in India is as big as Bangalore.

Comp : Bangalore is  bigger than any other electronic city in India

3)      Super: It is the largest civil or military mobilization in human history.

Comp: It is larger than any other civil or military mobilization in human history

4)Posi : No other Athenian was as wise as Soctates.
 Socrates was the wiser than any other Athenian.

4)      Posi: Very few factors in building and maintaining health are as essential as food.

Comp:  The food  is more essential than most other factors in building and maintaining health.

 Que -5- Do as directed 
1)If  you do not take heed, you will again put to shame.
 2)Unless the patient is operated immediately, he will die.

3)If you do not have permission, you cannot get admission.
 4) If Stray cattle are not rounded up and auctioned by police, cattle owners will understand the seriousness of the problem.

5)      He will not pass the exam, if he does not study and appear the exam.  

 6) You should have another watch.

 7) I must have my money back.

8) We are not able to forget this truth.
9) I would watch people coming back from fields.
10) I used to go to villages.
 11) Her mother fails to understand her. (Rewrite as affirmative)
12) No sooner did they stop for a drink of water than Guymon heard a noise.
13 No sooner was the rescue effort abandoned than authorities planned to seal the mine off.
14) Hardly had an egg fallen when it broke in to pieces.
 15) There was a noticeable odour of cloth which was burning.
16) Madhav was so  tired that he could not go any further.
 17) What had I  published  in London?
18) beautify - verb, personal - adjective, hatred - noun
19)Match the antonyms
a)increase   X        decrease
 b)export    X       import          
 c)rarely      X       frequently
20)Match the words with their meaning
a)plentiful     -                   -  2)abundant

b)defective                           3)faulty                             

 c)difference    -                   4)distinction
 d)disappear      -                  1)vanish
21)It is a one sided affair , isn’t it? (Add a question tag)
22) Hardly had Sachin scored a century when he was greeted by Rahul.
23) But he refused doing so.
24) I will have been rescued.
25) The snow has been accumulating into thick layers.
26) They compete not only for space in which to live but also for light and air.
27) It is not inconvenient (Rewrite as negative)
28) punctuate the following
The old man asked, “ What are you doing there, my child?”
29) Getting the paper framed Rustomji hung it up in his office.
30)Great leaders  give inspiration to  a whole people to do great deeds.
31)What  a big hole in the wall they made!
32)Torch bearers accompanied the runners at night.
33) No other means of reaching people can be as quick as television.
34) By making a big hole in the wall they entered the house
35) There are many uses of television.
 

Use of Not Only ..But Also

Not only ---- but also हेच नव्हे तर ते सुद्धा

व्यक्तिच्या एका गुणापेक्षा/क्रियेपेक्षा दुस‍र्‍या गुणावर/क्रियेवर भर देण्यासाठी ही रचना वापरते. not only---but also ने दोन कर्ते, कर्मे, क्रियापदे, विेशेषने जोडल्या जाते.
Gargie eats not only orange but also mango. गार्गी संत्रीच नव्हे तर आंबे देखील खाते.

Not only Ganesh but also Ramesh works as labourer. गणेशच नव्हे तर रमेश देखिल मजुर म्ह्णुन काम करतो.

Ramesh not only reads but also understands. रमेश वाचतोच असे नव्हे तर समजतो देखिल.

She is not only beautiful but also intelligent. ती सुंदरच नव्हे तर हुशार देखिल आहे.

Use 'not only...but also'

1. as well as किंवा and काढुन त्या ऐवजी not only.. but also वापरतात.
2. as well as किंवा and ने जोडलेले दोन कर्ते, कर्मे, क्रियापदे, विेशेषने यापैकी पहिल्याच्या आधी not only ठेवतात .
3. as well as किंवा and च्या जागेवर but also ठेवतात.
4. दोन स्वतंत्र वाक्य not only.. but also ने जोड्तांना समान शब्द्समुह एकच वेळ वापारतात व भिन्न शब्दसमुह not only--but also ने जोड्तात.





1. The captain as well as the players is to blame for the shameful defeat.(Verb agrees with the first subject)

Not only the captain but also the players are to blame for the shameful defeat.
2. Boys and girls are given equal opportunity.

Not only boys but also girls are given equal opportunity.
3. Shivaji was a kind ruler and a good organizer.

Shivaji was not only a kind ruler but also a good organizer.
4. We have Durga. We have Laxmi.

We have not only Durga but also Laxmi.
5. They have booked our seats.They have sent us a telegram.


They have not only booked our seats but also sent us a telegram.
6. Both Narendra and Rahul are liable for the post.
Not only Narendra but Rahul also is liable for the post.
7.They were totally drenched and happy.
They were not only ddrenched totally but also happy.

When two subjects(nouns) are connected by 'not only......but also' the verb should be used according to the second subject.

Not only the teacher but also the students are laughing.
Not only the students but also the principal was present.

Test   

Check your understanding by taking the following test .

Grammar Worksheet std 12

Rewrite the sentences as per instruction.

1. The four Hartmans were lingering at the dinner table. ( Rewrite in Present Perfect cont. Tense.)
2. Fred Hartman, a bank officer and a very practical man, stalled before replying.(Rewrite as complex sentence)
3. What medical college would accept a blind student? (Rewrite as Assertive)
4. You will never know unless you try.(Use - If.. not)
5. It was one of the best decisions. (Change the Degree)
6. I would walk seven miles across town.( Use -  used to )
7. Off course it was impossible to connect the dots.( Rewrite as negative)
8. You can't connect the dots looking forward. ( Use - able to )
9. It was clear looking . ( Rewrite as exclamatory.)
10. There was a beautiful and fragrant violet who lived amongst her friends.(Rewrite as simple sentence.)
11. She saw a tall and handsome rose standing proudly.(Rewrite as complex)
12. I live very close to the earth. (Rewrite as exclamatory.)
13. How severe are the strong! (Rewrite as Assertive)
14. My father used to get transferred every year.(Remove"used to")
15. The jeep was parked in our house.(Guess the doer of action)
16. He told us that the jee was an expensive resource given by the government. (Rewrite as Direct speech)
17. They were perfect.(Rewrite as Negative)
18. Making omelettes was one of my special duties.( Use infinitives)
19. He loves  to laugh. (Use gerund of the underlined word)
20. His eyes never flickered,penetrating deep into the person in front. (Rewrite as compound) 
21. He may have laughed in the company of his friends.(Replace  the modal auxiliary indicating obligation)
22. "This has been demonstrated in high income countries." said Rawat.( Rewrite as indirect speech)
23. Robbing children of their childhood in a criminal act.(Use infinitive of the underlined word)
24. Our society must weed out this malaise out from the root. (Replace the model auxiliary indicating advice)
25. She replied that she did not play. (Rewrite as direct speech)
26. Is the condition of this child different from the child in the zari factory?(Rewrite as assertive)
27. Brian Carter, garden and reserves administrator, was frustrated. (Rewrite as complex)
28. He'd been trying to interest residents in a tree planting programme. (Identify the tense)
29. Carter beheld an astonishing sight. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
30. "What are we going to do about that bloody eagle?" he demanded.(Rewrite as indirect speech)
31. Gazing at the magnificent bird, Carter grew convinced.(Rewrite as compound)
32. On the terrible Tuesday the sky suudenly become an ocean.( Frame Wh-question to get the underlined part as an answer)
33. The rain had divided Mumbai into two.(Change the voice)
34. Mohini and Padmini too said the same.(Use Not Only --but also)
35. The telephone booth had a long queue and she had towait. ( Use  'because')
36. _____one o'clock when I had a gone ____the post office.(Use proper preposition)
37. The stick would floor anybody, but frequent exposure has hardened her. (Use 'though')
38. Twenty street lamps are powered by solar and wind energy.(Begin with -"Solar and .....")
39. Although a dirt track leads to this village , the central road is concretised.(Rewrite using 'but')
40. Kolhapur is a city that remains wonderfully traditional.( Rewrite as simple)
41. The past is omnipresent here. (Add a question tag)
42. Archaeologists discovered that an ancient settlement existed here.(Use noun form of the underlined word)
43. So accurately designed is it. (Rewrite in correct prose order)
44. When I reached ___college,students were playing __ football match.__match had reached__ interesting turn.(Use suitable article)
45. Wasn't it better to squat for years in a place trying to attain Nirvana?(Rewrite as assertive)
46. The scars of the struggle are as great as the final victory.(Change into comparative)
47. The problem is so difficult that I can't solve it. ( Use 'too')
48. The magic of flight can never be explained by words. (Change the voice)
49. It's not too high to miss out on the changing landscape.(Use 'so--that')
50. India is the most beautiful place in the world. (Change the degree)

Key

1. The four Hartmans have been lingering at the dinner table.
2. Fred Hartman who was a bank officer and a very practical man, stalled before replying. Or Fred Hartman,a bank officer and a very practical man, stalled before he replied.
3. No medical college would accept a blind student.
4. You will never know if you do not try.
5. Comp: It was better than most other decisions.  Posi: Very few decisions were as good as it.
6. I used to walk seven miles across town.
7. Off course it was not possible to connect the dots.
8. You are not able to connect the dots looking forward
9. How clear looking it was!
10. A beautiful and fragrant violet lived amongst her friends.
11. She saw a tall and handsome rose which was standing proudly.
12. How close to the earth i live!
13. The strong are severe.
14. My father would get transferred every year.
15. The jeep was parked in our house. The doer of the action is "Driver"
16. He said to us,"The jeep is an expensive resource given by the government."
17. They were not imperfect.
18. To make omelettes was one of my special duties.
19. He loves laughing.
20. His eyes never flickered but penetrated deep into the person in front. 
21. He must have laughed in the company of his friends.
22. Rawat said that that had been demonstrated in high income countries.
23. To rob children of their childhood in a criminal act.
24. Our society should weed out this malaise out from the root.
25. She replied,"I do not play".
26. The condition of this child is not different from the child in the zari factory.
27. Brian Carter who was garden and reserves administrator was frustrated.
28. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
29. What an astonishing sight Carter beheld!
30. He demanded what they were going to do about that bloody eagle.
31. Carter gazed at the magnificent bird and grew convinced.
32. When did the sky suddenly become an ocean?
33. Mumbai had been divided into two by the rain.
34. Not Only Mohini but also Padmini said the same.
35. She had to wait because the telephone booth had a long queue and .
36. At one o'clock when I had a gone to the post office.
37. Though the stick would floor anybody, frequent exposure has hardened her.
38. Solar and wind energy power twenty street lamps.
39. A dirt track leads to this village but the central road is concretised.
40. Kolhapur is a wonderfully traditional city.
41. The past is omnipresent here,isn't it?
42. Archaeologists made a discovery that an ancient settlement existed here.
43. It is so accurately designed .
44. When I reached -the-college,students were playing a football match.The match had reached an interesting turn.
45. It was better to squat for years in a place trying to attain Nirvana.
46. The final victory is not greater than the scars of the struggle.
47. The problem is too difficult for me to solve.
48. Words can not explain the magic of flight .
49. It's not so high that we can miss out on the changing landscape.
50. Comp: India is more beautiful than any other place in the world. Posit: No other place in the world is as beautiful as India.

 

Synthesis

दोन वाक्याचे एकत्रिकरण म्ह्णजे synthesis होय. Simple, Complex व Compound sentences करण्यासाठी वापरलेल्या पद्‍धतीचाच उपयोग होतो.Synthesis करतांना दिलेली सुचना महत्वाची असते. त्यानूसार वाक्य Simple, Complex की Compound करायचे हे लक्षात येते. ‍

[ Combine using participle] Participle म्हणजे क्रियापदाचे ing युक्त रुप होय.

1. He hurt his foot. He stopped.

Hurting his foot he stopped.

2. They saw the uselessness of the machine. They sold it as the scrape.

Seeing the uselessness of the machine, they sold it as the scrape.

3.The storm ceased. The sun came out.

The storm having ceased the sun came out.

4. Do not eat too mich. You will be ill.

If you eat too mich you will be ill.

5. She chains her dog. It is safe now.

It is safe now because she chains her dog.

6. That is the school. I was taught there.

That is the school where I was taught.

7. Karina Kapoor works in movies. She is a daughter of Randhir Kapoor.

Karina Kapoor who is a daughter of Randhir Kapoor works in movies.

8. It was Gandhiji. He fought against British Rule.

It was Gandhiji who fought against British Rule.

9. Take the umbrella. You will fall sick.

Take the umbrella or you will fall sick.

10. He ran fast. He made a goal.

Running fast he made a goal.

11. I felt restless. I tried to get up.

Though I felt restless, I tried to get up.

Inspite of feeling restless, I tried to get up.

12. I am trying to bring love back. It is the only thing that can save the city.

I am trying to bring love back which is the only thing that can save the city.

13. It sounds good. I'm not sure it works.

Though it sounds good, I'm not sure it works.

14. He saw the police. He ran away.

He saw the police and ran away.

15. Study hard. You will get good marks.

If you study hard, you will get good marks.

Add a question tag.

१.विधानार्थी वाक्याला Tag  जोडतात. २. वाक्य लिहावे, त्यानंतर comma द्यावा. ३. वाक्य Negative असल्यास tag होकारार्थी व Affirmative असल्यास tag नकारार्थी म्ह्णजे स.क्रि. ला n't जोडावा. ४. Tag स. क्रियापद व सर्वनामरुपी कर्ता मिळून बनतो. ५ शेवटी प्रश्नार्थक चिन्ह वापरावे

1. You are already late.

You are already late, aren't you?

2. I am quite tired.

I am quite tired,aren't I?

3. My mother would lift me up.

My mother would lift me up,wouldn't she?

4. It is not fashionable to stay at home these days.

It is not fashionable to stay at home these days,is it?

5. You haven't met before.

You haven't met before,have you?

6. You are Mohan's brother.

You are Mohan's brother,aren't you?

7. You live next door.

You live next door,don't you?

8. You are not leaving.

You are not leaving,are you?

9. You will come again.

You will come again,won't you?

10 Stop the discussion.

Stop the discussion,will you?


11.Let us play cricket.

Let us play cricket,shall we?

12. Somebody has called.

Somebody has called,haven't they?

13. Nobody was present there.

Nobody was present there,were they?

14. Everything is ready.

Everything is ready,isn't it?

15. This is a beautiful flower.

This is a beautiful flower,isn't it?

16. These are ripe mangoes.

These are ripe mangoes,aren't they?

17. The work of building is not easy.

The work of building is not easy,is it?

18. There was no way.

There was no way,was there?

19. Mala did not answer.

Mala did not answer,did she?

20. I get some time to sit back and relax.

I get some time to sit back and relax,don't I?
21. Let us play.
Let us play, shall we?
22.Disability is a state of mind.
Disability is a state of mind,isn't it?
23. Ramesh speaks English.
Ramesh speaks English,doesn't he?
24. I looked at the town hall clock.
I looked at the town hall clock, didn't I?

I am .. aren't I?                        Mahesh had.. hadn't he?

We are .. aren't we?               Smita can.. can't she?

You are .. aren't you?             Students would.. wouldn't they?

He is .. isn't he?                     Children have.. haven't they?

It is .. isn't it?                         She could.. couldn't she?

I will .. won't I?                     We should not.. should we?

She was .. wasn't she?             He does not.. does he?

You were.. weren't you?        She writes.. doesn't she?

He has .. hasn't he?                He wrote.. didn't he?

This is.. isn't it?                     They write.. don't they?

Use of "Neither---nor"

Observe the following sentences.
1. He eats neither a mango nor an orange.
2. We speak neither English nor Hindi.
3. The poor man can neither feed nor  clothe his son.
4. We could neither play nor work.
5. Neither we nor they worked.
6. Mother neither cooked nor ate rice.
7. Neither he nor his neighbours have troubled us.
8. Neither his neighbours nor he has troubled us.
9. Neither the girl nor the boy has passed.
10. Neither he nor his brother is right.
 Try to make your own sentences of the kind





 neither---nor ची रचना नकारात्मक असते. याने दोन कर्ते, किंवा दोन क्रीयापदे, किंवा दोन कर्म जोडल्या जातात.
दिलेली दोन वाक्य neither ---nor  ने जोडतांना त्यामधिल does not, do not, did not, not काढुन टाकतात.
 त्यामधिल फरक दर्शविणारे शब्द निवडूण पहिल्या शब्दाच्या मागे neither व दुसर्‍या शब्दाच्या मागे nor जोडतात.
जेव्हा अनेकवचनी कर्ता व  एकवचनी कर्ता neither--nor ने जोडतात तेव्हा क्रियापदाचे रुप त्याच्या जवळील कर्त्याच्या वचनानुसार वापरतात. वाक्य क्रमांक 7, 8 पहावे.

1. He does not like tea. He does not like coffee.
     He likes neither tea nor coffee.
2. Gadchandur is not a village. Gadchandur is not a city.
     Gadchandur is neither a village nor a city.
3. My father did not help me in my studies.  My mother did not help me in my studies.
      Neither my father nor my mother helped me in my studies.
4. He can not read. He can not write.
     He can neither read nor write.
5. Satish was not present in the class. His friends were not present in the class.
     Neither Satis nor his friends were present in the class.
       OR
Neither Satish's friends nor he was present in the class.
6.She did not return my note. She did not inform me about it.
She neither returned my note nor informed me about it.

 

Relative Clauses

Read the following sentences. He is an architect who is closely connected with Delhi and it's planning. वरिल वाक्यात अधोरेखीत शब्द who व्यक्तिशि(architect) नीगडित असुन तो कर्ता आणि उपवाक्याचा संबंध दर्शवीतो. The city has a development plan which is an essential requirements to draw funds. वरिल वाक्यात अधोरेखीत शब्द which वस्तुशि (plan) नीगडित असुन तो complement(पुरक शब्द) आणि उपवाक्याचा संबंध दर्शवीतो. जे उपवाक्य who, which, where, whom, whose, that अश्या relative pronoun ने सुरुवात होते व व्यक्ति, वस्तु, ठिकाण यांच्याशी संबंध दर्शवीते त्या वाक्यास relative clause असे म्ह्णतात.

Now choose an appropriate pronoun and combine the following sentences using relative clause.

1. Amit gave me an envelope. It contained some papers.
2. Seema is a psychologist. She works as a counselor.
3. I admire your belief. You are always right.
4. We are going to place. It is warm in winter.
5. Sheela gave me the advice. She is my mentor.
6. Lokesh did not see the snake. It was crawling along the wall.
7. Dr. Patil is the Principal. His address is scheduled for tomorrow.
8. Mr. B. B. Zanzad is the Principal. He teaches Economics.
<!-- englishwithmahure_main_Blog1_300x250_as

KEY

1. Amit gave me an envelope which contained some papers.
   
2. Seema is a psychologist who works as a counselor.
   
3. I admire your belief which is always right.
   
4. We are going to place where it is warm in winter.
   
5. Sheela gave me the advice who is my mentor.
   
6. Lokesh did not see the snake which was crawling along the wall.
   
7. Dr. Patil is the Principal whose address is scheduled for tomorrow.
   
8. Mr. B. B. Zanzad, who is the Principal, teaches Economics.

-->

Use Of "TOO" And "Enough"

It was too wimpy to carry the semantic burden.

Structure = too + adjective + to + infinitive

The photo was clear enough to see every detail of the ground.

Structure = adjective + enough + infinitive

Situation	Sentences Using "Too" Or "Enough"	Sentences Using 'so - that'
1 Bad weather - go out for a picnic	The weather is too bad to go out for a picnic.	The weather is so bad that I can not go out.
2.Played well - win the match	We played well enough to win the match.	We played so well that we won the match.
3 Very clever - understand the scheme.	He is clever enough to understand the scheme.	He is so clever that he will understand the scheme.
4Sour apples - eat them.	The apples are too sour to eat.	The apples are so sour that we can not eat them.
5 old and - get job	She is too old and too weak to get a job.	She is so old and so weak that she will not get a job.
6 Strong battery - last for eight hours	The battery is strong enough to last for eight hours.	The battery is so strong that it will last for eight hours.
7 difficult problem - explain it	The problem is too difficult to explain.	The problem is so difficult that it can not be explained. Or that I can not explain it.
8 mature children - travel to school on their own.	The children are mature enough to travel on their own.	The children are so mature that they can travel on their own.
9 Adventurous Sujata - climb up the mountain	Sujata was adventurous enough to climb up the mountain.	Sujata was so adventurous that she could climb up the mountain.

Combine the following sentences with 'too' or 'enough' and 'so ---that'.

1. She was rich . She could buy a car.
2. The old man was very weak. He couldn't walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was difficult. The students couldn't solve it.
4. Their house is large. It can accommodate their big family.
5. She is very emotional. She can't tolerate any rude behaviour.
6. The peak was very high. The mountaineers couldn't climb it.
7. The dog was very sensitive. It could trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Key for 'too' or 'enough'

1. She was rich enough to buy a car.
2. The old man was too weak to walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was too difficult to solve.
4. Their house is large enough to accommodate their big family.
5. She is too emotional to tolerate any rude behaviour.
6. The peak was too high for the mountaineers to climb.
7. The dog was sensitive enough to trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Key for 'so---that'

1. She was so rich that she could buy a car.
2. The old man was so weak that he couldn't walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was so difficult  that the students couldn't solve it.
4. Their house is so large that it can accommodate their big family.
5. She is so emotional that she can't tolerate any rude behavior.
6. The peak was so high that the mountaineers couldn't climb it.
7. The dog was so sensitive  that it could trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Do as Directed

1.  It was dinner time when he finished . (Rewrite as simple sentence)
2.  On the hooks were more fish than the others had caught all together. (Change the degree) 
3. He has become the fourth -largest manufacturer of personal computers in America.(Rewrite in Future Perfect Tense) 
4. Michael Dell was the youngest man ever to head Fortune 500 corporation.(Change the degree)
5. Growing up in Houston, Texas, Michael and his two brothers were imbued by their parents.( Rewrite as compound sentence)
6. I wasn't a bad doctor. (Add a question tag)
7. I wasn't quite sure of myself. (Rewrite as affirmative)
8. I had successive ideas of specializing in dermatology, in aural surgery, in pediatrics but discarded them all. (Rewrite as simple sentence)
9. I took him around with me . (Change the voice)
10. When I saw the prizes and read the citation Chaitanya had received, I was stupefied. (Use  'No sooner......than')
11. He was a special child. (Rewrite as Rhetorical question)
12. One day , King Amrut and Chandan were taking a walk on the terrace of the palace. (Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
13. They could see far into the distance.( Use 'able to' )
14. He was delighted to see the prosperity of his kingdom.(Use gerund form of the underlined word)
15. What more could they ask for?(Rewrite as Assertive sentence)
16. Soon he walked up to the king and whispered something in his ears. ( Use 'No sooner....than')
17. "Did you like the story, Meenu?"Raghu asked. (Rewrite into Indirect speech)
18. I would show him my finger. (Use 'used to')
19. I would close the cage and put it near my pillow. (Rewrite as simple sentence)
20. At 6 sharp in the morning, he would start to be restless.( Frame wh-question to get the underline part as an answer)
21. When he became a fully grown up one , he began to go far and wide. (Use  'No sooner......than')
22. The bird was spotted in pairs almost everyday. (Change the voice)
23. How can they be seen? ( Rewrite as Assertive)
24. It is achievable. (Rewrite as negative)
25. All this is being done very efficiently and at a low cost.(Change into Active Voice)
26. Parking will be difficult and expensive. ( Use "not only .... but also)
27. People will use public transport rather than cars. (Make it less certain)
28. There are some glimmers of hope. (Add a question tag) 
29. They have excuses ready when they reach office late. (Identify the clause)
30. They have never seen a sunrise. (Change the voice)

Do as directed Std 9

1. She felt terrible about this tendency. (Rewrite as Exclamatory)
2. His father would undoubtedly be left shaking  his head and burying himself deeper into his newspaper. (Use 'not only...but also')
3. "They have promised that the funds we have given to initiate the process will be returned to us,"Mr. Pawar says.(Rewrite as Indirect speech) 
4. Can you please hold it for me? (What does underlined Modal Auxiliary indicate?)
5. It should keep for a while. (Replace the Modal Auxiliary with another indicating obligation)
    
6. Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap. (Rewrite the sentence using adjective form of the underlined word.)
7. He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site. ( Rewrite as simple sentence)
8. Dora had never received such a gift. (Rewrite in Present Perfect tense)
9. A religious ceremony was attended by nearly two lakh people.(Begin with -Nearly two.....)
10. As we were nearing the steps leading to a foot over bridge, people started pushing from behind. ( Use 'no sooner ... than' )
11. There was nothing she could do about it. (Rewrite as Rhetorical Question)
12. "They have promised that the funds that we have given to initiate the process will be returned to us," Mr. Pawar said. (Rewrite as Indirect Speech)
13. The school had no regular calendar. (Rewrite as Affirmative)
14.  India's present epoch maker has come over here to bless the state of Maharashtra. (Use gerund form of underlined word)
15. Both India and Maharashtra can progress only when there is oneness of interest. ( Use 'If ..not')
16. I had no anxiety and no high ambitions. ( Use 'neither......nor )
17. It was tough but intellectually satisfying. (Rewrite as complex sentence)
18. He brought the coconuts down. (Change the voice)
19. It is a book about the transformation of India. ( Begin with - 'The book....')  
20. Can anyone really conceive of a world without poverty? (Rewrite as Assertive Sentence)

KEY For The Above Exercise

Exam Elixir

Do as Directed

EXERCISE 1
1. I disliked the idea of making Omelette. [Make it Negative.]
2. Mother was not at home. [Add a question tag.]
3. As soon as Dave had begun his second year when he heard himself hopelessly swamped. [Use - 'No sooner---than]
4. Don't lose faith. [Add a question tag]
5. I used to spend hours under it. [ use- Modal Auxiliary 'would']
6. He was treated with respect. [Change the voice]
7. I have tried getting you into the kitchen. [Identify the tense]
8. She has played the role in Hollywood . [Rewrite in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.]
9. He may have laughed in the company of his friends. [What does the underlined word indicate -Permission OR Possibility]
10. The science class--(start) when Satish---(reach) the college. [Use suitable tense forms]
11. This is the greatest lesson in life. [ Change the degree]
12. Are they free from the burden of parental aspiration? [Rewrite as Assertive]
13. Let us resolve to give our children the freedom of childhood. [Add a question tag]
14. He is the right person to do this. [Make it Rhetorical]
15. Dean had been feeding him fresh rabbit's legs. [Identify the tense]
16. The problem was so difficult that I could not solve it. [Use-'too']
17. Girls and boys are given equal opportunity. [ Use-'not only-but also']
18. There was no electricity; no primary school. [ Use -'neither-nor']
19. What a pleasant idea! [Make it Assertive]
20. My father's moods were as hot as Chennai's climate. [Change the degree]

Key for Exercise 1

Exercise 2

1. Hitlar was the cruellest ruler in modern history.(Change the degree)
2. That is not the way a gentleman should behave.(Make it Rhetorical)
3. How great Shivaji Maharaj was! (Make assertive)
4. What a witty remark it is! ( Make assertive)
5. This is a very interesting novel. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
6. These boys are very brave. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
7. The boy was too exhausted to get out of the pool. (Use - 'so ---that')
8. This sum is difficult. (Make it negative)
9. This is not a slow local train. ( Make it affirmative)
10. There was --- tree on the hill. --- tree was lonely. ( Fill in the blanks with articles)
11. I received your kind letter. (Change the voice)
12. ....young should come forward to shoulder responsibility.(Fill in the blank with articles)
13. She put some water into the dog's dish. (Indentify the tense)
14. What a beautiful piece it is! (Rewrite as assertive)
15. He was an awful looking man. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
16. She set the alarm. (Begin the sentence with 'The alarm...')
17. Would he answer me?( Rewrite as assertive)
18. Sankalp has helped a total 22 SHGs. ( Change the voice)
19. The complaint was taken seriously.(Begin the sentence with 'Police took.....')
20. You didn't help her. (Change the voice)

KEY 2

1. COMP: Hitlar was crueller than any other ruler in modern history.
POSI: No other ruler in modern history was as cruel as Hitler.
2. Is that the way a gentleman should behave?
3. Shivaji Maharaj was very great.
4. It is indeed a witty remark.
5. What an interesting novel this is!
6. How brave these boys are!
7. The boy was so exhausted that he could not get out of the pool.
8. This sum is not easy.
9. This is a fast local train.
10. There was a tree on the hill. The tree was lonely.
11. Your kind letter was received by me.
12. The young should come forward to shoulder responsibility.
13. She put some water into the dog's dish. Simple Past Tense
14. It is a very beautiful piece.
15. What an awful looking man!
16. The alarm was set by her.
17. He would not answer me.
18. A total 22 SHGs have been helped by Sankalp.
19. Police took the complaint seriously.
20. She was not helped by you.

Exercise 3

1. We give it up and doze off. (Rewrite as simple)
2. A problem which had proved a hard nut to crack was solved yesterday in a jiffy. (Rewrite as simple)
3. Ganukaka was relating the story of a neighbor of his. ( Change the voice)
4. When the war started, there was a boom in the market. ( Use No sooner ….than)
5. His business was growing so fast that he had hardly time for a few hours’ sleep.(Use ‘too’)
6. Doctors recommended various medicines but the child lost its life.( Use ‘though’)
7. I …..(remember) an anecdote which I ……(read) recently.(Fill in the blanks with suitable tense forms of verbs given in bracket)
8. Lama had been doing penance for ages in a cave.( Identify the tense)
9. Many of them are struggling in many places.(Use Past perfect continuous)
10. Josh paused, watching his father’s light recede. (Rewrite in compound sentence)
11. This is the hole. The snakes live here. (Combine the sentences using relative pronoun) asked as a comment
12 The Ganga is -------sacred river.(Use suitable article in the blank space)Q.12 to 15 asked by a former student.
13. The dog sprang --------- the table.(Use suitable preposition in the blank space)
14. It appears, I haven't been to the theater ------- ages.(Use suitable preposition in the blank space)
15  Industrial wastes pollutes/pollute the atmosphere. (Rewrite using correct verb form)
16 Cricket is more popular than any other game in India. (Change into superlative degree)asked from blogger contact form.
17. We had a wonderful time last evening.(make it exclamatory sentence )asked from blogger contact form.


Do as directed Std 10


Key 3
1. Giving it up we doze off.
2. A problem having proved a hard nut to crack was solved yesterday in a jiffy.
3. The story of a neighbor of his was being related by Ganukaka
4. No sooner did the war start than there was a boom in the market.
5. His business was growing too fast to have any time for a few hours’ sleep.
6. Though Doctors recommended various medicines, the child lost its life.
7. I remembered an anecdote which I had read recently.
8. Lama had been doing penance for ages in a cave. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. Many of them had been struggling in many places.
10. Josh paused and watched his father’s light recede.
11. This is the hole where the snakes live .
12 The Ganga is a sacred river.
13. The dog sprang upon the table.
14. It appears, I haven't been to the theater for ages.
15  Industrial wastes pollute the atmosphere.
16 superlative : Cricket is the most popular game in India.
Positive :      No other game in India is as popular as cricket.

17. What a wonderful time we had last evening !

Subject Verb Agreement
Do as directed class ssc
Do as directed grade 11


do-as-directed-class-10

Clauses

Noun Clauses

Every sentence is a clause. But each clause is not a sentence. Phrase is a group of words without subject and predicate combination. Clause is a group of words with subject and its own predicate (verbal part). The clause which is complete in meaning is known as main clause or co-ordinate clause. The clause which depends on main clause for meaning is known as sub-ordinate or dependant clause. Further subordinate clause is classified on the basis of the function it performs in the sentence. They are classified as noun clause, adjective clause and adverb clause.

1. They knew it was spring. Underlined clause being an obj of "knew" is noun clause
2. Let me tell you what I owe to cricket. Underlined clause being an obj of " tell" is noun clause
3. They never remembered what they had seen. Underlined clause being an obj of "remembered" is noun clause
4. Tell us how we can get into the house. Underlined clause being an obj of " tell" is noun clause
5. What he said is true. Underlined clause being a sub of "is" is noun clause
6. What you speak may not be an Indian language. Underlined clause being a sub of "may not be" is noun clause
7. It didn't take any of my time to tell that he was doing a good job. Underlined clause being an obj of "to tell" is noun clause
8. I will see that we buy tickets. Underlined clause being an obj of "see" is noun clause
9. It is cynical to advocate the philosophy that nothing ever is permanant in life. Underlined clause being as in apposition to the noun "phylosophy" is noun clause
10. What needs to be projected is the incandescent spirit underlying Kapil's remarkable feat. Underlined clause being a subject of "is" is noun clause
11. That's what I would like to knowUnderlined clause being a complement of "is" is noun clause

Adjective Clauses

1. I gave up the idea of locating the address I had come for.Underlined clause qulifies the noun "address"
2. He also does not know the place where you want to go.Underlined clause qualifies the noun "place"
3. Nothing happens to those who eat these neem fortified plants.Underlined clause qualifies the pronoun "those"
4. This is my friend whom you met yesterday.Underlined clause qualifies the noun "my friend"
5. The reason that he gave does not convince me.

Underlined clause qualifies the noun "reason"

Adverb Clauses

1. Every generation must do its job well so that it pass the torch of freedom to the text.Underlined clause modifies the verb "must do"It is an adverb of purpose.
2. It was a gift made to you before you were born.Underlined clause modifies the verb "made."It is an adverb clause of Time.
3. Although many of the songs are very lyricalthe main appeal of Tamasha is the vigorous dancing of Gaulan.

"It is an adverb clause of contrast.

Since his empire covered an amazing spectrum from soap to aviation, he richly deserved the title.It is an adverb clause of reason.

Children could understand a great deal if it was explained to them in easy language."It is an adverb clause of condition.

Raklesh and Grandfather gazed at the tree as though it had performed a miracle."It is an adverb clause of manner.

They took it with them wherever they went."It is an adverb clause of place.

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