Use of "Neither---nor"

Observe the following sentences.
1. He eats neither a mango nor an orange.
2. We speak neither English nor Hindi.
3. The poor man can neither feed nor  clothe his son.
4. We could neither play nor work.
5. Neither we nor they worked.
6. Mother neither cooked nor ate rice.
7. Neither he nor his neighbours have troubled us.
8. Neither his neighbours nor he has troubled us.
9. Neither the girl nor the boy has passed.
10. Neither he nor his brother is right.
 Try to make your own sentences of the kind





 neither---nor ची रचना नकारात्मक असते. याने दोन कर्ते, किंवा दोन क्रीयापदे, किंवा दोन कर्म जोडल्या जातात.
दिलेली दोन वाक्य neither ---nor  ने जोडतांना त्यामधिल does not, do not, did not, not काढुन टाकतात.
 त्यामधिल फरक दर्शविणारे शब्द निवडूण पहिल्या शब्दाच्या मागे neither व दुसर्‍या शब्दाच्या मागे nor जोडतात.
जेव्हा अनेकवचनी कर्ता व  एकवचनी कर्ता neither--nor ने जोडतात तेव्हा क्रियापदाचे रुप त्याच्या जवळील कर्त्याच्या वचनानुसार वापरतात. वाक्य क्रमांक 7, 8 पहावे.

1. He does not like tea. He does not like coffee.
     He likes neither tea nor coffee.
2. Gadchandur is not a village. Gadchandur is not a city.
     Gadchandur is neither a village nor a city.
3. My father did not help me in my studies.  My mother did not help me in my studies.
      Neither my father nor my mother helped me in my studies.
4. He can not read. He can not write.
     He can neither read nor write.
5. Satish was not present in the class. His friends were not present in the class.
     Neither Satis nor his friends were present in the class.
       OR
Neither Satish's friends nor he was present in the class.
6.She did not return my note. She did not inform me about it.
She neither returned my note nor informed me about it.

 

Relative Clauses

Read the following sentences. He is an architect who is closely connected with Delhi and it's planning. वरिल वाक्यात अधोरेखीत शब्द who व्यक्तिशि(architect) नीगडित असुन तो कर्ता आणि उपवाक्याचा संबंध दर्शवीतो. The city has a development plan which is an essential requirements to draw funds. वरिल वाक्यात अधोरेखीत शब्द which वस्तुशि (plan) नीगडित असुन तो complement(पुरक शब्द) आणि उपवाक्याचा संबंध दर्शवीतो. जे उपवाक्य who, which, where, whom, whose, that अश्या relative pronoun ने सुरुवात होते व व्यक्ति, वस्तु, ठिकाण यांच्याशी संबंध दर्शवीते त्या वाक्यास relative clause असे म्ह्णतात.

Now choose an appropriate pronoun and combine the following sentences using relative clause.

1. Amit gave me an envelope. It contained some papers.
2. Seema is a psychologist. She works as a counselor.
3. I admire your belief. You are always right.
4. We are going to place. It is warm in winter.
5. Sheela gave me the advice. She is my mentor.
6. Lokesh did not see the snake. It was crawling along the wall.
7. Dr. Patil is the Principal. His address is scheduled for tomorrow.
8. Mr. B. B. Zanzad is the Principal. He teaches Economics.
<!-- englishwithmahure_main_Blog1_300x250_as

KEY

1. Amit gave me an envelope which contained some papers.
   
2. Seema is a psychologist who works as a counselor.
   
3. I admire your belief which is always right.
   
4. We are going to place where it is warm in winter.
   
5. Sheela gave me the advice who is my mentor.
   
6. Lokesh did not see the snake which was crawling along the wall.
   
7. Dr. Patil is the Principal whose address is scheduled for tomorrow.
   
8. Mr. B. B. Zanzad, who is the Principal, teaches Economics.

-->

Use Of "TOO" And "Enough"

It was too wimpy to carry the semantic burden.

Structure = too + adjective + to + infinitive

The photo was clear enough to see every detail of the ground.

Structure = adjective + enough + infinitive

Situation	Sentences Using "Too" Or "Enough"	Sentences Using 'so - that'
1 Bad weather - go out for a picnic	The weather is too bad to go out for a picnic.	The weather is so bad that I can not go out.
2.Played well - win the match	We played well enough to win the match.	We played so well that we won the match.
3 Very clever - understand the scheme.	He is clever enough to understand the scheme.	He is so clever that he will understand the scheme.
4Sour apples - eat them.	The apples are too sour to eat.	The apples are so sour that we can not eat them.
5 old and - get job	She is too old and too weak to get a job.	She is so old and so weak that she will not get a job.
6 Strong battery - last for eight hours	The battery is strong enough to last for eight hours.	The battery is so strong that it will last for eight hours.
7 difficult problem - explain it	The problem is too difficult to explain.	The problem is so difficult that it can not be explained. Or that I can not explain it.
8 mature children - travel to school on their own.	The children are mature enough to travel on their own.	The children are so mature that they can travel on their own.
9 Adventurous Sujata - climb up the mountain	Sujata was adventurous enough to climb up the mountain.	Sujata was so adventurous that she could climb up the mountain.

Combine the following sentences with 'too' or 'enough' and 'so ---that'.

1. She was rich . She could buy a car.
2. The old man was very weak. He couldn't walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was difficult. The students couldn't solve it.
4. Their house is large. It can accommodate their big family.
5. She is very emotional. She can't tolerate any rude behaviour.
6. The peak was very high. The mountaineers couldn't climb it.
7. The dog was very sensitive. It could trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Key for 'too' or 'enough'

1. She was rich enough to buy a car.
2. The old man was too weak to walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was too difficult to solve.
4. Their house is large enough to accommodate their big family.
5. She is too emotional to tolerate any rude behaviour.
6. The peak was too high for the mountaineers to climb.
7. The dog was sensitive enough to trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Key for 'so---that'

1. She was so rich that she could buy a car.
2. The old man was so weak that he couldn't walk properly.
3. The mathematical problem was so difficult  that the students couldn't solve it.
4. Their house is so large that it can accommodate their big family.
5. She is so emotional that she can't tolerate any rude behavior.
6. The peak was so high that the mountaineers couldn't climb it.
7. The dog was so sensitive  that it could trail the hiding place of the criminals.

Do as Directed

1.  It was dinner time when he finished . (Rewrite as simple sentence)
2.  On the hooks were more fish than the others had caught all together. (Change the degree) 
3. He has become the fourth -largest manufacturer of personal computers in America.(Rewrite in Future Perfect Tense) 
4. Michael Dell was the youngest man ever to head Fortune 500 corporation.(Change the degree)
5. Growing up in Houston, Texas, Michael and his two brothers were imbued by their parents.( Rewrite as compound sentence)
6. I wasn't a bad doctor. (Add a question tag)
7. I wasn't quite sure of myself. (Rewrite as affirmative)
8. I had successive ideas of specializing in dermatology, in aural surgery, in pediatrics but discarded them all. (Rewrite as simple sentence)
9. I took him around with me . (Change the voice)
10. When I saw the prizes and read the citation Chaitanya had received, I was stupefied. (Use  'No sooner......than')
11. He was a special child. (Rewrite as Rhetorical question)
12. One day , King Amrut and Chandan were taking a walk on the terrace of the palace. (Rewrite the sentence using Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
13. They could see far into the distance.( Use 'able to' )
14. He was delighted to see the prosperity of his kingdom.(Use gerund form of the underlined word)
15. What more could they ask for?(Rewrite as Assertive sentence)
16. Soon he walked up to the king and whispered something in his ears. ( Use 'No sooner....than')
17. "Did you like the story, Meenu?"Raghu asked. (Rewrite into Indirect speech)
18. I would show him my finger. (Use 'used to')
19. I would close the cage and put it near my pillow. (Rewrite as simple sentence)
20. At 6 sharp in the morning, he would start to be restless.( Frame wh-question to get the underline part as an answer)
21. When he became a fully grown up one , he began to go far and wide. (Use  'No sooner......than')
22. The bird was spotted in pairs almost everyday. (Change the voice)
23. How can they be seen? ( Rewrite as Assertive)
24. It is achievable. (Rewrite as negative)
25. All this is being done very efficiently and at a low cost.(Change into Active Voice)
26. Parking will be difficult and expensive. ( Use "not only .... but also)
27. People will use public transport rather than cars. (Make it less certain)
28. There are some glimmers of hope. (Add a question tag) 
29. They have excuses ready when they reach office late. (Identify the clause)
30. They have never seen a sunrise. (Change the voice)

Do as directed Std 9

1. She felt terrible about this tendency. (Rewrite as Exclamatory)
2. His father would undoubtedly be left shaking  his head and burying himself deeper into his newspaper. (Use 'not only...but also')
3. "They have promised that the funds we have given to initiate the process will be returned to us,"Mr. Pawar says.(Rewrite as Indirect speech) 
4. Can you please hold it for me? (What does underlined Modal Auxiliary indicate?)
5. It should keep for a while. (Replace the Modal Auxiliary with another indicating obligation)
    
6. Reuben respectfully touched his worn cap. (Rewrite the sentence using adjective form of the underlined word.)
7. He ran towards the sound and stopped at a construction site. ( Rewrite as simple sentence)
8. Dora had never received such a gift. (Rewrite in Present Perfect tense)
9. A religious ceremony was attended by nearly two lakh people.(Begin with -Nearly two.....)
10. As we were nearing the steps leading to a foot over bridge, people started pushing from behind. ( Use 'no sooner ... than' )
11. There was nothing she could do about it. (Rewrite as Rhetorical Question)
12. "They have promised that the funds that we have given to initiate the process will be returned to us," Mr. Pawar said. (Rewrite as Indirect Speech)
13. The school had no regular calendar. (Rewrite as Affirmative)
14.  India's present epoch maker has come over here to bless the state of Maharashtra. (Use gerund form of underlined word)
15. Both India and Maharashtra can progress only when there is oneness of interest. ( Use 'If ..not')
16. I had no anxiety and no high ambitions. ( Use 'neither......nor )
17. It was tough but intellectually satisfying. (Rewrite as complex sentence)
18. He brought the coconuts down. (Change the voice)
19. It is a book about the transformation of India. ( Begin with - 'The book....')  
20. Can anyone really conceive of a world without poverty? (Rewrite as Assertive Sentence)

KEY For The Above Exercise

Exam Elixir

Do as Directed

EXERCISE 1
1. I disliked the idea of making Omelette. [Make it Negative.]
2. Mother was not at home. [Add a question tag.]
3. As soon as Dave had begun his second year when he heard himself hopelessly swamped. [Use - 'No sooner---than]
4. Don't lose faith. [Add a question tag]
5. I used to spend hours under it. [ use- Modal Auxiliary 'would']
6. He was treated with respect. [Change the voice]
7. I have tried getting you into the kitchen. [Identify the tense]
8. She has played the role in Hollywood . [Rewrite in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.]
9. He may have laughed in the company of his friends. [What does the underlined word indicate -Permission OR Possibility]
10. The science class--(start) when Satish---(reach) the college. [Use suitable tense forms]
11. This is the greatest lesson in life. [ Change the degree]
12. Are they free from the burden of parental aspiration? [Rewrite as Assertive]
13. Let us resolve to give our children the freedom of childhood. [Add a question tag]
14. He is the right person to do this. [Make it Rhetorical]
15. Dean had been feeding him fresh rabbit's legs. [Identify the tense]
16. The problem was so difficult that I could not solve it. [Use-'too']
17. Girls and boys are given equal opportunity. [ Use-'not only-but also']
18. There was no electricity; no primary school. [ Use -'neither-nor']
19. What a pleasant idea! [Make it Assertive]
20. My father's moods were as hot as Chennai's climate. [Change the degree]

Key for Exercise 1

Exercise 2

1. Hitlar was the cruellest ruler in modern history.(Change the degree)
2. That is not the way a gentleman should behave.(Make it Rhetorical)
3. How great Shivaji Maharaj was! (Make assertive)
4. What a witty remark it is! ( Make assertive)
5. This is a very interesting novel. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
6. These boys are very brave. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
7. The boy was too exhausted to get out of the pool. (Use - 'so ---that')
8. This sum is difficult. (Make it negative)
9. This is not a slow local train. ( Make it affirmative)
10. There was --- tree on the hill. --- tree was lonely. ( Fill in the blanks with articles)
11. I received your kind letter. (Change the voice)
12. ....young should come forward to shoulder responsibility.(Fill in the blank with articles)
13. She put some water into the dog's dish. (Indentify the tense)
14. What a beautiful piece it is! (Rewrite as assertive)
15. He was an awful looking man. (Rewrite as exclamatory)
16. She set the alarm. (Begin the sentence with 'The alarm...')
17. Would he answer me?( Rewrite as assertive)
18. Sankalp has helped a total 22 SHGs. ( Change the voice)
19. The complaint was taken seriously.(Begin the sentence with 'Police took.....')
20. You didn't help her. (Change the voice)

KEY 2

1. COMP: Hitlar was crueller than any other ruler in modern history.
POSI: No other ruler in modern history was as cruel as Hitler.
2. Is that the way a gentleman should behave?
3. Shivaji Maharaj was very great.
4. It is indeed a witty remark.
5. What an interesting novel this is!
6. How brave these boys are!
7. The boy was so exhausted that he could not get out of the pool.
8. This sum is not easy.
9. This is a fast local train.
10. There was a tree on the hill. The tree was lonely.
11. Your kind letter was received by me.
12. The young should come forward to shoulder responsibility.
13. She put some water into the dog's dish. Simple Past Tense
14. It is a very beautiful piece.
15. What an awful looking man!
16. The alarm was set by her.
17. He would not answer me.
18. A total 22 SHGs have been helped by Sankalp.
19. Police took the complaint seriously.
20. She was not helped by you.

Exercise 3

1. We give it up and doze off. (Rewrite as simple)
2. A problem which had proved a hard nut to crack was solved yesterday in a jiffy. (Rewrite as simple)
3. Ganukaka was relating the story of a neighbor of his. ( Change the voice)
4. When the war started, there was a boom in the market. ( Use No sooner ….than)
5. His business was growing so fast that he had hardly time for a few hours’ sleep.(Use ‘too’)
6. Doctors recommended various medicines but the child lost its life.( Use ‘though’)
7. I …..(remember) an anecdote which I ……(read) recently.(Fill in the blanks with suitable tense forms of verbs given in bracket)
8. Lama had been doing penance for ages in a cave.( Identify the tense)
9. Many of them are struggling in many places.(Use Past perfect continuous)
10. Josh paused, watching his father’s light recede. (Rewrite in compound sentence)
11. This is the hole. The snakes live here. (Combine the sentences using relative pronoun) asked as a comment
12 The Ganga is -------sacred river.(Use suitable article in the blank space)Q.12 to 15 asked by a former student.
13. The dog sprang --------- the table.(Use suitable preposition in the blank space)
14. It appears, I haven't been to the theater ------- ages.(Use suitable preposition in the blank space)
15  Industrial wastes pollutes/pollute the atmosphere. (Rewrite using correct verb form)
16 Cricket is more popular than any other game in India. (Change into superlative degree)asked from blogger contact form.
17. We had a wonderful time last evening.(make it exclamatory sentence )asked from blogger contact form.


Do as directed Std 10


Key 3
1. Giving it up we doze off.
2. A problem having proved a hard nut to crack was solved yesterday in a jiffy.
3. The story of a neighbor of his was being related by Ganukaka
4. No sooner did the war start than there was a boom in the market.
5. His business was growing too fast to have any time for a few hours’ sleep.
6. Though Doctors recommended various medicines, the child lost its life.
7. I remembered an anecdote which I had read recently.
8. Lama had been doing penance for ages in a cave. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
9. Many of them had been struggling in many places.
10. Josh paused and watched his father’s light recede.
11. This is the hole where the snakes live .
12 The Ganga is a sacred river.
13. The dog sprang upon the table.
14. It appears, I haven't been to the theater for ages.
15  Industrial wastes pollute the atmosphere.
16 superlative : Cricket is the most popular game in India.
Positive :      No other game in India is as popular as cricket.

17. What a wonderful time we had last evening !

Subject Verb Agreement
Do as directed class ssc
Do as directed grade 11


do-as-directed-class-10

Clauses

Noun Clauses

Every sentence is a clause. But each clause is not a sentence. Phrase is a group of words without subject and predicate combination. Clause is a group of words with subject and its own predicate (verbal part). The clause which is complete in meaning is known as main clause or co-ordinate clause. The clause which depends on main clause for meaning is known as sub-ordinate or dependant clause. Further subordinate clause is classified on the basis of the function it performs in the sentence. They are classified as noun clause, adjective clause and adverb clause.

1. They knew it was spring. Underlined clause being an obj of "knew" is noun clause
2. Let me tell you what I owe to cricket. Underlined clause being an obj of " tell" is noun clause
3. They never remembered what they had seen. Underlined clause being an obj of "remembered" is noun clause
4. Tell us how we can get into the house. Underlined clause being an obj of " tell" is noun clause
5. What he said is true. Underlined clause being a sub of "is" is noun clause
6. What you speak may not be an Indian language. Underlined clause being a sub of "may not be" is noun clause
7. It didn't take any of my time to tell that he was doing a good job. Underlined clause being an obj of "to tell" is noun clause
8. I will see that we buy tickets. Underlined clause being an obj of "see" is noun clause
9. It is cynical to advocate the philosophy that nothing ever is permanant in life. Underlined clause being as in apposition to the noun "phylosophy" is noun clause
10. What needs to be projected is the incandescent spirit underlying Kapil's remarkable feat. Underlined clause being a subject of "is" is noun clause
11. That's what I would like to knowUnderlined clause being a complement of "is" is noun clause

Adjective Clauses

1. I gave up the idea of locating the address I had come for.Underlined clause qulifies the noun "address"
2. He also does not know the place where you want to go.Underlined clause qualifies the noun "place"
3. Nothing happens to those who eat these neem fortified plants.Underlined clause qualifies the pronoun "those"
4. This is my friend whom you met yesterday.Underlined clause qualifies the noun "my friend"
5. The reason that he gave does not convince me.

Underlined clause qualifies the noun "reason"

Adverb Clauses

1. Every generation must do its job well so that it pass the torch of freedom to the text.Underlined clause modifies the verb "must do"It is an adverb of purpose.
2. It was a gift made to you before you were born.Underlined clause modifies the verb "made."It is an adverb clause of Time.
3. Although many of the songs are very lyricalthe main appeal of Tamasha is the vigorous dancing of Gaulan.

"It is an adverb clause of contrast.

Since his empire covered an amazing spectrum from soap to aviation, he richly deserved the title.It is an adverb clause of reason.

Children could understand a great deal if it was explained to them in easy language."It is an adverb clause of condition.

Raklesh and Grandfather gazed at the tree as though it had performed a miracle."It is an adverb clause of manner.

They took it with them wherever they went."It is an adverb clause of place.

.

Sentences And Types of Sentences

What is a sentence? .......A group of words that makes good sense is known as sentence.
शब्दांचा अर्थपुर्ण समुह म्हणजे वाक्य होय.
e.g. :A.] India is my country. B.] I learn English. C.] Do you like tea? D.] Come here. E.] Alas! He is dead. F.] What do you want?
वाक्याचे चार प्रकार आहेत 1. Assertive 2. Imperative 3. Interrogative 4. Exclamatory.

1.1 Assertive किंवा statement: कर्त्याबद्दल विधान करणारे वाक्य म्हणजे विधानात्मक वाक्य होय.
रचना
: 1. subject + verb + object.
We love India.
2. subject + verb + complement.
He is a farmer. He is happy.
3. subject + h. v. + verb + complement/object.
Ganesh is flying a kite.
They have invited us.

Subject म्हणजे कर्ता जो Noun / Pronoun च्या रुपात असतो . Object म्हणजे कर्म जो Noun / Pronoun च्या objective form मध्ये असतो .Complement म्हणजे पुरक शब्द होय. वाक्याचा अर्थ पुर्ण करण्यासाठी वापरलेले Noun किवा Adjective हे complement चे कार्य करते.
1.2 Imperative Sentence: आ‍द्न्या(order) , हुकूम, विनंती ,सुचना करनारे वाक्य म्ह्णजे Imperative sentence होय.
रचना
: 1. verb + object. Open book.
2. verb + complement. Move aside. Look at me.


more examples:

Please give me your notebook.(request)

Don't waste time.(advice)
Have a nice day.(wish)
Do not do that again.(command)
March ahead. (order)
1.3 Interrogative sentence: माहिती मिळ्वीण्यासा्ठी किंवा चौकशीसाठी केलेले प्रश्न म्हणजे प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य होय.प्रश्नार्थक वाक्याचे दोन प्रकार आहेत. 1. Verbal question 2. wh-question

A] Verbal Question किंवा Yes/No type Question
रचना : H. V. + Sub. + Verb + Obj./Comp. ?


Do you like fruits?

Have they invited us?

Is Ganesh flying kite?

Can you read English?



Are you ready?
टिप: H. V = मुख्य क्रीयापदाला मदत म्ह्णुन वापरलेल्या शब्दाला Helping verb/ Auxiliary verb म्हणतात.Helping verb पुढील प्रमाणे आहेत can, could, may, might, must, am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, shall, will, should, would, do, does, did, इत्यादी. B] Wh-Question:
रचना (Structure): Wh-word + H. V. + Sub. + Verb + ........... ?

1. What do you want?

2. Where do you live?

3. When have they arrived?

4. Who wrote the constitution of India?

5. Why are you late?

6. How are you?


1.4 Exclamatory Sentence.: स्वाभावीक तिव्र भावना व्यक्त करनारे वाक्य म्ह्णजे उदगारवाचक वाक्य होय.
रचना : 1. What + a/an + adjective + noun + sub + verb !
2. How + adjective + sub + verb !

1. What a beautiful flower it is!

2. What an honest man he is!

3. How clever you are!

4. How pretty!

5. What a colourful bush!

Test Your Knowledge

UNIT TEST Class XII

Q. 1. (A) Read the activity, read the following extract and do all the activities given below it. [12]
1. Complete the statements.                    2

i) The narrator’s faith in Chaitanya gave her _______
ii) Chaitanya was not a_____  child.
iii) Chaitanya was a ______ child.
iv) Chaitanya had interest in__________

My own faith in Chaitanya started giving me abundant strength. I no longer wanted to hide myself from the glaring eyes of the world. I took him around with me. He went with us everywhere like any normal child. We were not sorry or uncomfortable carrying him around.

If I required help for him in public places, I was not embarrassed to seek people around. I did not mind telling them that he was a special child. I was not scared of people’s curious look and awkward questions. I could talk about Chaitanya’s problem calmly. As my mind opened up further, I could discern new hope springing in my heart. I felt happy I was a Special Mother.

The special school did Chaitanya a lot of good. He was now a much more confident person, adored by his teachers, his friends and his school staff. His speech improved and expression became clearer. His social manners become laudable.

Academically he was still lagging behind the expected standard of learning but it was okay. He started developing an all-round interest in craft, art, music dancing and sports. Early in 1997-98, when he returned from state level inter-school sports, he had two prizes to his credit and a silver medal. He had won his laurels in athletic events and silver medal in running race.

A2 Correct the following statements about Chaitanya                                                       2
I) Chaitanya had no improvement in special school.
II) He neither developed interest in craft and sports.

A3. Write the impact of the special school on Chaitanya?                                                  2


A4. Give the meanings of  A) abundant B) special C) laudable D) lagging behind
A4. State in what way  you can help such a special child and his/her family?             2

5. Rewrite in the ways instructed            2

A) I took him around with me. [Change the voice. ]

B) When he returned from state level inter-school sports, he had two prizes to his credit. [Name the clause] 1



B. Do as directed (1mark )

1 -- dry Thar Desert is ---most popular tourist destinations in India. [Fill in the blanks with articles]

Q. 2. Read the following extract and do all the activities.

If you accept counsel without getting sore

And re-assess yourself in the light thereof

If you pledge not to be obstinate any more
And meet others without any frown or scoff.

You may be the person I am looking for.

A1  Complete the table.                               2
Column A                                  Column B
1. Accept advice.        A. without irritated
2. Introspection          B. Not getting sore
3. Pledge.                     C. In the light of advice
4. Meet people.           D. Not to be stubborn
A2  State qualities of ideal person according to the poet.                                                      2

A3. Note down the rhyming words and rhyme scheme.                                                 2

A4. Compose two lines of your own about your ideal person.                                         2
3. Write a letter to the editor of The Indian Express about the problem garbage in your area.

OR

Write an imaginary piece of dialogue between the king Amrit and his minister Chandan.