Let's Learn English Grammar

Saturday 5 May 2018

Error and correction

She has read the story yesterday. ( Incorrect)

She read the story yesterday.

They lived at Delhi. ( Incorrect)

They lived in Delhi.

My son is going to study in United Kingdom. ( Incorrect)

My son is going to study in the United Kingdom.

The crocodiles are reptiles. ( Incorrect)

Crocodiles are reptiles.

Where is the scissors? ( Incorrect)

Where are the scissors?

Ramesh selected the furnitures for her mother. ( Incorrect)

Ramesh selected the furniture for her mother.

The Human beings are polluting the environment. ( Incorrect)

Human beings are polluting the environment.

The bowl of grams are on the table. ( Incorrect)

The bowl of grams is on the table.

Could you return back the library cards to me, please.( Incorrect)

Could you return the library cards to me, please.

Ravi has known Amit since three years. ( Incorrect)

Ravi has known Amit for three years.

Either you or she are presenting a paper. ( Incorrect)

Either you or she is presenting a paper.

They did not see nobody there. ( Incorrect)

They did not see anybody there.

The Oranges are rich in vitamin C. ( Incorrect)

Oranges are rich in vitamin C.

Harsha don't know Hindi. ( Incorrect)

Harsha doesn't know Hindi.

Do you have some books? ( Incorrect)

Do you have any books?

The painting is too beautiful. ( Incorrect)

The painting is very beautiful.

By the time Suhas found an umbrella, it stopped raining. ( Incorrect)

By the time Suhas found an umbrella, it had stopped raining.

I am a student here, isn't it? ( Incorrect)

I am a student here, aren't I?

We often goes to the city.( Incorrect)

They often go to the city.

Rocky is in army.( Incorrect)

Rocky is in the army.

India is playing an one-day match against Australia.( Incorrect)

India is playing a one-day cricket match against Australia.

They live very close to Penna river.( Incorrect)

They live very close to the Penna river.

The gold is getting more and more expensive everyday.( Incorrect)

Gold is getting more and more expensive everyday.

Rohithas eaten breakfast just an hour but he is still hungry.( Incorrect)

Rohit ate breakfast just an hour ago but he is still hungry.

I saw Chinnu a hour and a half ago. ( Incorrect)

I saw Chinnu an hour and half ago.

Her children are very young. They are at the school. ( Incorrect)

Her children are very young are at school. They are at school.

They will either come today or on Monday. ( Incorrect)

They will come either today or on Monday.

Anu plays violin. ( Incorrect)

Anuj plays the violin.

We did not go to the cinema since Mangesh left. ( Incorrect)

We have not gone to the cinema since Mangesh left.

They need your advise. ( Incorrect)

They need your advice.

The water is very hot to drink. ( Incorrect)

The water is too hot to drink.

I will look forward to hearing from you. ( Incorrect

I look forward to hearing from you.

The police rushed to the spot, but the burglar already fled. ( Incorrect)

The police rushed to the spot, but the burglar had already fled.

The salesperson asked the customer what she is looking for.( Incorrect

The salesperson asked the customer what she was looking for.

Jaya told us that she will tell us a story. ( Incorrect)

Jaya told us that she would tell us a story.

There is no one in the building expect Farid. ( Incorrect)

There is no one in the building except Farid.

The continuous arguments I have with Vincent are very tiring. ( Incorrect)

The continual arguments I have with Vincent are very tiring.

This book is more easy to understand than that one( Incorrect)

This book is easier to understand than that one.

The principal congratulated Mohammad for his brilliant performance. ( Incorrect)

The principal congratulated Mohammad on his brilliant performance.

No sooner did he arrive when she left.( Incorrect)

No sooner did he arrive than she left .

Sunday 22 April 2018

Imagine you are going to interview Sunita Williams. Frame 8 to 10 relevant questions regarding -

1. her early life, training
2. education
3. her actual flight into space
4. future plans
5. her message to viewers.
Interviewee - Sunita Williams
Interviewer - Secretary, Students Club
Topic - Space
Venue - Mahatma Gandhi Auditorium

We have the privilege to talk with renowned personality Sunita Williams. Welcome madam and thanks for obliging us to know about you.
( Here is a list of questions to be asked at the time of interview )
1. Madam, you have chosen the untrodden field. Were your ideas different right from the childhood ? How was your earlier life?
2. What kind of training have you undergone?
3. How did education help you in reaching your goal? Does it make life easier ?
4. What inspired you to fly high in the space ?
5. Will you please share memoris of your first flight in space ? Our audience are eager to hear.
6. Which special precautions does the astronaut need to take while traveling in space ?
7. How does the earth look from the space ?
8. If someone from audience wants to become astronaut, what should he do?
9. After setting a foot in the space, how do you feel?
10. Would you please share your future plans in life ?
11. What message would you give to the young and the old ?
Thanks for coming over here. Thanks again.

Friday 20 April 2018

Speech: How to achieve success?

Honourable dignitaries on and off the dias, respected judges, curious audience , I would like to express my views on the topic which is close to everyone's heart i.e. 'How to achieve success in life ' . It's pleasure to see such huge audience here. I recall some lines here.

"The woods are lovely, dark and deep,
But I have promises to keep
And miles to go before I sleep
And miles to go before I sleep "

Friends, as you know there is no shortcut to success . To achieve success you need proper guidance. You should have clear view of the success you want. So set the goal you want to achieve. Dedication towards the goal is an important factor. Nothing can be gained without it. In achieving success, planning plays a crucial role. Plan your work and execute it accordingly. Well planned is half done. You need to read the successful stories to get inspired. Shouldn't we follow the successful people ? The most important thing to pursue the goal is knowledge and information without which goal will be fruitless. Get the knowledge from all the sources. Collect essential information about the goal you have set.
Is there anything impossible? The word 'impossible' itself says I'm possible. Working with passion and confidence will gear up you towards success. Remember, hard work is the key to success. In the journey of success on many occasions, your have to sacrifice some petty things . Never give up attitude and perseverance are the two weapons to win the success. Believe in your efforts, success will be yours. I would like to wind up speech. Thanks for the patience you have shown during my entire speech. I would like to say thanks to the organiser for organising elocution contest.
Thank you everyone.

Thursday 12 April 2018

Grammar STD X Part 2

Complete the following sentences meaningfully

If you read books,..............
1. If you read books, you will gain knowledge.
2. If you read books, you will be entertained.
If you do exercise daily, .............
1. If you do exercise daily, you will be healthy.
2. If you do exercise daily, you will not fall ill.
............. ......, you will pass the exam.

If you study, you will pass the exam.

If you attend class regularly, you will pass the exam.

1. Punctuate the following sentences.
(a) did you give any gurudakshina to your guru i asked.
"Did you give any gurudakshina to your Guru," I asked.
(b) no there isnt anyone like that she said.
"No, there isn't anyone like that," she said.
2. (a) Add a suffix to the following words and make nouns.
(i) kind - kindness (ii) happy - happiness (iii) ignore - ignorance (iv) assure - assurance
(v) imagine - imagination (vi) depute - deputation (vii) manage - management (viii) assess - assessment
(b) Make 4 meaningful words by using letters from “Pessimistic”.
(1) pest (2)mist (3) stic (4) mess (5) pet (6) mice (7)

3. Change into Indirect speech :
(a) “Meena, it’s a beautiful day,” I said.
I told Meena that it was a beautiful day.
I addressed Meena and said that it was a beautiful day.

(b) “Hey ! I am really excited. It’s nice to meet old friends. What are you doing
here ?” said Meena.
Meena addressed as hey and exclaimed that she was really excited. She added that it was nice to meet old friends. Further she asked what they were doing there.

(c) “We won’t get a taxi in this rain”, I grumbled.
I grumbled that we would not get taxi in that rain.
(d) “So what ? We’ll buy an umbrella and then go to the Grand Hotel”,
she said.
She asserted that they would buy an umbrella and then go to the Grand Hotel.

(e) “Did you give any gurudakshina to your Guru ?” I asked
I asked if she had given any gurudakshina to her Guru.

4. Change the following sentences to the other Degrees of Comparison, without
changing meaning.
(a) The biggest challenge knocking on the doors of human kind is fear and
intolerance.
Comp : Fear and intolerance is bigger than any other challenge for knocking on the doors of human kind.
No other challenge for knocking on the doors of human kind is as big as fear and intolerance.
(b) The Nobel Prize is one of the greatest honours in the world.
(i) Very few honours in the world are as great as the Nobel Prize.
(ii) The Nobel Prize is greater than most other honours in the world.

5. Rewrite the following in Indirect speech.
(a) “Put the fear out of your heart and you will be able to speak like everyone
else”. Bholi looked up as if to ask, “Really?”
The teacher advised Bholi to put the fear out of her heart. He further assured that she would be able to speak like everyone else. Bholi looked up as if to ask if she would really speak.

(b) “Yes, certainly,” his wife said, “Bholi will be lucky to get such a well-to-do
bridegroom.”

His wife asserted with certainty that Bholi would be lucky to get such a well-to-do bridegroom.

(c) “What will that witless one say? She is like a dumb cow.”
"May be you are right.” muttered Ramlal.

Ramlal's wife asserted that that witless one would say nothing. She added that she (Bholi) was like a dumb cow. Ramlal agreed that perhaps she ( his wife) was right.

(d) “Be a little considerate, please. If you go back, I can never show my face in
the village.” “Then out with five thousand.”

Ramlal requested to be a little considerate. He added that if he ( Bishamber )went back, he could never show his face in the village. Bishamber demanded to come out with five thousand.

(e) “Pitaji”, Take back your money, I am not going to marry this man.” “Bholi,
are you crazy?” shouted Ramlal.

Bholi addressed as Pitaji and asked to take back his money. She further said that she was not going to marry that man. Ramlal shouted at Bholi and asked if she was crazy.

6. Rewrite the sentences given below as per the given Degree of Comparison without change of meaning.
(a) You are not as young as she is. (Comparative Degree)
She is younger than you.
(b) His fourth daughter’s wedding was the grandest of all. (Positive)
No other daughter's wedding was as grand as his fourth daughter's wedding.
(c) Bholi was younger than all his other daughters. (Superlative)
Bholi was the youngest of all his daughters.
7. Correct the errors in the following sentences. Focus on verbs and subject.
(a) All children, except Bholi, was healthy and strong.
All children, except Bholi, were healthy and strong.
(b) Since childhood, everyone will have calling her Bholi.
Since childhood, everyone has been calling her Bholi.
(c) If girls goes to school, who will marry them?
If girls go to school, who will marry them?
(d) New clothes was never made for Bholi.
New clothes were never made for Bholi.
(e) The garland were flung into the fire.
The garland was flung into the fire.
(f) Do you wants to hear more ?
Do you want to hear more ?
(g) Aren’t that right ?
Isn’t that right ?
(h) I will teaches in the same school.
I will teach in the same school.

8. Underline the Subordinate Clauses and state their kind.
(a) Enough has been said about this great warrior, who conquered the world.
(Subordinate Clause)
Enough has been said about this great warrior, who conquered the world.
Adjective clause
(b) The male boxers kindly practised with me, whenever I required them.
The male boxers kindly practised with me, whenever I required them.
Adverb clause of time
(c) I think that more people should take up sports as a full-time career
I think that more people should take up sports as a full-time career
Noun clause
(d) Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian Sports ?
Do you think nutrition is a neglected area in Indian Sports ?
Noun clause
(e) That’s the best thing, that has happened to me.
That’s the best thing, that has happened to me.
Noun clause
(f) India managed just 6 medals in 2012 Olympics even though we are a nation
of 1.3 billion people.
India managed just 6 medals in 2012 Olympics even though we are a nation
of 1.3 billion people.

Adverb clause of contrast

9. Make the following sentences affirmative without change of meaning.
(a) Negative : I am not so sure, now.
Affirmative : I am doubtful now.
(b) Negative : He will not be able to stop them.
Affirmative : He will be unable to stop them.
(c) Negative : I dont’t remember.
Affirmative : I forget.
(d) Negative : I can do no more.
Affirmative : I am unable to do anymore.
(e) Negative : Sir, do not anger her.
Affirmative : Sir, forgive her.
(f) Negative : I shall not want many soldiers.
Affirmative : I shall want a few soldiers.

10. (A )Say whether the Predicates in the sentences below contain Objects/
Complements/Adverbials.
(a) Madame Curie discovered radium.
Object
(b) Pierre was knocked down.
Adverbial
(c) Pitchblende was expensive.
Complement
(d) The couple took a flat.
Object
(e) They moved cautiously, success came finally.
Adverbial
10. (B) Pick out the Conjunctions in the following sentences and say whether they are
Subordinators or Co- ordinators.
(a) There are women who show extreme courage.
who - subordinator
(b) Pitchblende was an extremely expensive substance, so they could not afford to buy.
so - subordinator
(c) After her daily household work Marie settled down to study.
After - subordinator
(d) Marie wanted to study in Paris but her father could not afford it.
but - Co-ordinator
(e) History is full of chapters that tell of extraordinary people !
that - subordinator
Do as directed

Wednesday 11 April 2018

Figures of Speech STD X

(A)Match the following lines with figures of speech
(i) Decisions, I must make (b) Inversion
(ii) Please open up my eyes,
dear Lord. (a) Apostrophe
(iii) Travel down the
darkened road (d)Alliteration
(iv) I can choose to take the
road of life (c) Metaphor

(B.) Identify the Figures of speech used from those given in the bracket.
(Simile/Repetition/Antithesis/Personification/Metaphor/Alliteration/Apostrophe)
(a) “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs” ANTITHESIS : Opposite ideas are brought together
(b) “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster and treat those two imposters just the same” PERSONIFICATION : Triumph and disaster are considered to be human being.
ANTITHESIS : Opposite words 'triumph and disaster' are brought together.
METAPHOR : 'triumph and disaster ' are implicitly compared to impostors
(c) “And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise” REPETITION : The word ' too ' is repeated pleasingly.
(d) With worn-out tools ALLITERATION : The consonantal sound 'w' is repeated pleasingly.
(C) Find from the poem, one example of each of the following.
(a) Personification : "The ship has weather’d every rack." The ship is given the human quality of overcoming the difficulty.
(b) Alliteration : I) Rise up-for you the flag is flung
ii) The ship is anchor'd safe and sound
(c) Repetition : But O heart! heart! heart!
(d) Exclamation : Here Captain! dear father!
(e) Tautology : "For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths"
A tautology is a repetition of the meaning of a statement, using different words or symbols
(f) Antithesis : From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
(g) Inversion : "the bells I hear" The arrangement of words is not in a prose order . The correct prose order is - I hear the bells.
(h) Transferred Epithet : eager faces - An adjective ' eager ' is transferred to faces.
(D) Identify the Figures of Speech
(1) Whose woods these are
I think I know. : Inversion
(2) The woods are lovely,
dark and deep. : Alliteration
(3) And miles to go before I sleep
And miles to go before I sleep. : Repetition
(4) My little horse must think it queer : Personification
(5) O moon, --- APOSTROPHE : An absent/inanimate object 'moon' is addressed.
(6) give me moonlight,. ALLITERATION : The consonantal sound 'm' is repeated pleasingly.
(7) basketful or two baskets full, REPETITION : The word is repeated.
(8) small, small moons of light. , REPETITION : The word is repeated.
(9)give me a basketful of moonlight ALLITERATION : The consonantal sound 'm' is repeated pleasingly.

(E)Pick out lines that contain :
1. Alliteration
(a) In form and feature, face and limb,
(b) It puzzled all our kith and kin,
(c) One day, to make the matter worse,
2. Hyperbole

(a) And when I died, the neighbours came
And buried brother John.
(b) For somehow, my intended bride
Became my brother's wife.

Click Here for detail

Grammar STD X New Course

Unit 1

1. Spot the error and correct the following sentences.
(a) My grandparents laid down for an afternoon nap.
My grandparents lay down for an afternoon nap.
(b) A stranger were knocking at our door.
A stranger was knocking at our door.
(c) My sister and I shares a study room.
My sister and I share a study room.
(d) One of my friend, is leaving school.
One of my friends, is leaving school.
(e) A flock of birds were flying overhead.
A flock of birds was flying overhead.
2. Rewrite the sentences as per instructions given along with.
(a) I took the baby langur to our backyard.
(Rewrite the sentence in the Past Perfect Tense)
I had taken the baby langur to our backyard.
(b) She simply sat there quietly.
(Rewrite the sentence in the Present Continuous Tense)
She is simply sitting there quietly.
(c) The mother langur looked straight into my eyes.
(Rewrite the sentence in the Simple Present Tense)
The mother langur looks straight into my eyes.
(d) She surveyed the area for the vicious male langur.
(Rewrite the sentence in the Simple Future Tense)
She will survey the area for the vicious male langur.

3. Underline the gerund/present participles/infinitive.
(a) Setting (gerund) goal may appear easy, but it is quite challenging (present participle).
(b) Quantifying (present participle) goals provide specific ways to track (infinitive) progress.
(c) It is important to create (infinitive) goals that are within a current skill set or area of expertise.
(d) We need to bring (infinitive) down life images down to earth and plan to execute our strategies.
(e) Finding the right footing, precisely mastering the skills and getting to the next place,all depend on how we approach and tackle the problem.

Unit 2

4. Complete the sentences given below using your own adjective clauses.
1 I know of a school boy who earns to learn.
2 I know the joke that you are telling.
3 I know of a doctor who treats patients free of cost.
4 I know of a place where we can feel extreme cold.
5 I know the reason why he didn't come to class.
5. Rewrite the following sentences joining them with ‘when’, where’, ‘which’, ‘why’.
(a) Sitaram had a bundle of freshly pressed clothes. He balanced it on his head.

Sitaram had a bundle of freshly pressed clothes which he balanced on his head.

(b) A large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar. Mr.Srivastava found her friend Mrs.Bhushan there.

A large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar where Mrs.Srivastava found her friend Mrs.Bhushan .

(c) The Pipalnagar Bank has stopped paying employees. It is about to collapse.

The Pipalnagar Bank has stopped paying employees when it is about to collapse.

(d) He had finished his work. He sat down on the highest step.

When he had finished his work, he sat down on the highest step.

6. (A)Convert the following to Exclamatory sentences of the same meaning.
(a) Dr Hawking is a very humble man.
What a humble man Dr Hawking is !
(b) He was very clumsy.
How clumsy he was !
(c) He was very simple and intelligent.
How simple and intelligent he was !
(d) Courage is a truly wonderful thing.
What a wonderful thing courage is !

(B) Convert the following to Interrogative (Question) form.
(1) The prognosis was bad.
Interrogative: Was the prognosis bad ?
Rhetorical question: Wasn't the prognosis bad?
(2) Stephen decided to continue his research.
Did Stephen decide to continue his research ?
Didn't Stephen decide to continue his research ?
(3) There are many people who display exemplary courage.
Are there many people who display exemplary ?
Aren't there many people who display exemplary ?
(4) His mind would soar up into space, like light.
Would his mind sour up into space like light ?
Wouldn't his mind sour up into space like light ?

7 Rewrite the following sentences using ‘not only but also’ and ‘as well as’ in
2 seperate sentences.
(i) UNESCO and the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

Not only UNESCO but also the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

UNESCO as well as the International Council on monuments initiated a draft convention to create an international organisation responsible for protecting cultural heritage.

(ii) The state parties are responsible for identifying and nominating new sites.

The state parties are responsible for not only identifying but also nominating new sites.

The state parties are responsible for identifying as well as nominating new sites.

(iii) Opera House in Australia and the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are
cultural sites of World Heritage.

Not only Opera House in Australia but also the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are cultural sites of World Heritage.

Opera House in Australia as well as the Historic Center of Vienna in Austria are
cultural sites of World Heritage.

(iv) World Heritage Sites can be a combination of both cultural and natural areas.

World Heritage Sites can be a combination of not only cultural but also natural areas.

World Heritage Sites can be a combination of cultural as well as natural areas.

(v) To protect the temples and artifacts, UNESCO launched an international
campaign.

To protect not only the temples but also artifacts, UNESCO launched an international campaign.

To protect the temples as well as artifacts, UNESCO launched an international
campaign.

8 Rewrite the following sentences replacing ‘as soon as’ by ‘No sooner than ’
(Note : The phrase, ‘No sooner’ must always be followed by an auxiliary
(helping verb).
For example : As soon as he came, they all gave an applause.
No sooner did he come than all gave an applause.
(a) As soon as the Bill is passed, it will become an Act.
No sooner is the Bill passed than it will become an Act.
(b) As soon as the thief escaped, the family informed the police.
No sooner did the thief escape than the family informed the police.
(c) As soon as you have finished, you can submit your answer- papers.
No sooner have you finished than you can submit your answer- papers.
(d) As soon as they can manage, they should change their house.
No sooner can they manage than they should change their house.
(e) As soon as the bell will ring, the School Assembly will start.
No sooner will the bell ring than the School Assembly will start

Figures of Speech STD X
Grammar STD X Part-2
Interview of Sunita Williams
Speech: How to achieve success.

Saturday 10 March 2018

Grammar 2018 Exam

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Set A Grammar
A5
1) This requires an exercise of will.( Rewrite it using the Simple Future Tense.)
This will require an exercise of will.

2) You have to constantly watch out and talk to yourself. (Rewrite it using another modal auxiliary showing 'compulsion'.)
You must constantly watch out and talk to yourself.
3) You begin to stagnate. (Rewrite it using the noun form of the world underlined.)
Your stagnation begins.
(B) 1)He wanted to become____ artist and live in _____ Himalaya.
(Use appropriate articles)

He wanted to become an artist and live in the Himalaya.
2)She was able to talk_____the group____her experience.
(Use suitable prepositions)
She was able to talk to the group about her experience.

3)"Why are you crying?"said the woman to a little boy. "I want a balloon,"he said.
(Change it into indirect Speech)
The woman asked a little boy why he was crying . He replied that he wanted a balloon.

Q 2 A 1) Temporary problems could be taken care of by market mechanism.(Rewrite the sentence beginning with 'Market mechanism')
Market mechanism could take care of temporary problems.

2)In the nineteenth century,there were third - class carriages.(Form a WH question to get the underlined part as an answer.) Underlined part -In the nineteenth century.
When were there third-class carriages?

3) There would still be situations of temporary poverty.(Rewrite it using 'Can')
There can still be situations of temporary poverty.

Q 3 A 1) She took many breathtaking photographs of the earth.
(Rewrite it Using the present perfect continuous tense)
She has been taking many breathtaking photographs of the earth.
2)He scattered her ashes over the Himalayas.(Rewrite it beginning with 'Her ashes .......')
Her ashes were scattered over the Himalayas by him.

3) Kalpana was extremely proud of her birth-place and made every effort to bring it into limelight.
(Rewrite it using 'not only .....but also)
Kalpana was not only proud of her birth-place but also made every effort to bring it into limelight.

SET B
Q 1 A 1. She splattered Worli seaface with walls of sea spray. (Rewrite it using the Simple Present Tense.)
She splatteres Worli seaface with walls of sea spray.
2. I never found out their names though we took the train together.(Make it a Compound Sentence.)
We took the train together but I never found out their names.
3. I promise myself, someday I will return.(Rewrite it using the modal auxiliary 'must')
I promise myself, someday I must return.
SET C
Q.1 A 1. I rushed to the site.(Rewrite the sentence using 'used to'.)
I used to rush to the site.
2. The tree was being cut.( Rewrite it beginning with 'They'......)
They were cutting the tree.
3. I looked into all the nests and saw eggs in two of them.( Rewrite the sentence using the word 'when')
When I looked into all the nests I saw eggs in two of them.

SET D
1)He looked at his mother and smiled.
(Rewrite it as a simple sentence)
Looking at his mother he smiled.
2)Her family and their well being were her highest priority.
(Rewrite it in the Positive Degree)
Pos: No other priority for her was as high as her family and their well being.
Comp: Her family and their well being were her higher priority than any other thing.
3)She was the centre of the home.(Make it a Rhetorical Question)
Wasn't she the centre of the home?