Gerund And Infinitive

Grammar for Std 9, Std 10, Std 11,Std 12.

You will understand what is gerund and what is Infinitive after studying this post. Gerund and Infinitive are explained with their examples. There is exercise on gerund and infinitive.

Gerund

When the —'ing' form of a verb is used as a noun, it is known as a gerund and a verbal noun. 

 1. The fighting went on. 

Here, we see that the —'ing' form of the verb 'fight' is used as a subject in 'The fighting went on'. It does a work of a noun.

2. I like swimming.

In this sentence 'swimming' is used as object of the verb 'like' . It performs the function of noun. So it is gerund. Subject and object are either noun or pronoun.

Gerund can be used as subject, object and complement.

3. My hobby is gardening. 

Here gardening is gerund because it is used as complement i.e. noun.

4. I enjoy reading stories.

Here reading is an object of the verb enjoy so it performs the function of noun. The word reading has its own object 'stories' ( reading what?) so it performs the function of verb. Here it performs two functions : verb and noun so it is called verbal noun. It is also derived from verb.

5. I am fond of reading.

Used as an object of a preposition 

Read the following examples of gerunds :

Gardening is an art. 

Cooking is a science. 

I enjoy reading poems.

He entered the shop for buying books.

I like reading more than writing.

Dying is better than surrendering.

The duck was excellent in swimming.

She likes swimming.

Now read the following sentences and fill in the blanks appropriately using gerund foms given below:

sing, shine, buy, play, study, ski, sell

• Chandan is not at all a keen student. He prefers......... to.......
• My mother is fond of music. .......... is her pastime activity.
•  I like .......... my shoes.
• .............is a winter sport in Kashmir.
• .............and............ is the profession of any shop keeper.

Infinitives 

Sometimes the form of a verb in a sentence names the action but does not change according to tense, number or person. Such a form is known as a non-finite form or an infinitive. An infinitive is used with or without 'to'.

Infinitive is a base form of verb and occurs without inflections. 

Examples: How did people first begin to drink tea? Can you name the beverage?

Like gerund Infinitive also performs the functions of noun and verb.

 Underline the infinitive in the following sentences.

To die is better than to surrender.

To collect stamps is my hobby.

It was funny to read words that stood still.

Can I read the book?

To be or not to be - that is the question.

We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves.

We travel to bring what little we can,…..

Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring  new eyes to people you encounter.

I stand here to thank Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

India's present epoch maker has come here to bless the state.

The State of Maharashtra is going to last forever.

Let its brightness grey.

Modal auxiliaries 'will', 'shall', 'would', 'should', 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might' and 'must' are followed by bare infinitives (infinitives without 'to')

Verbs like 'let', 'make', 'see', 'hear', 'feel', 'watch' and 'notice' are usually followed by object + bare infinitive.

Now fill in the blanks by using the appropriate infinitive:

i. The driver was arrested for failing ——(report, to report) the accident.

ii My father made me (go, to go) for a walk.

iii. Ramesh was made ———(pay, to pay) back the money.

Sarika did not let me ————(see, to see) what she was doing.

Rewrite underlined gerund as Infinitive.

1. Begging is a curse on humanity. 

Ans : To beg is a curse on humanity.

2. I like swimming.

Ans : I like to swim.

Rewrite underlined word as gerund.

1. We stopped under a Kusum tree to take a break.

Ans : We stopped under a Kusum tree for taking a break.

2. But there was no other soul to listen to my sound.

Ans : But there was no other soul for listening to my sound.

3. I like to collect stamps.

Ans : I like collecting stamps.

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

Transitive  and Intransitive Verbs

Transitive verbs have objects. Intransitive verbs have no objects .

She is fetching water. (Present continuous tense)

In this sentence verb 'fetching' has object 'water'. So the verb 'fetching' is transitive verb. 

Farmers grow (🍅 🍅) tomatoes in the field.

In this sentence verb 'grow' has object 'tomatoes'. So the verb 'grow' is transitive verb.

Tomatoes grow in the field.

In this sentence verb 'grow' has no object because action does not pass on. So the verb 'grow' here is intransitive verb. 

Some verbs are transitive and Intransitive depending upon the function in the sentence. 

Indicate whether the Verbs in the following sentences are Transitive or Intransitive. Name the Object of each Transitive Verb' and the Complement of each Verb of Incomplete Prediction.


In the following sentences the verbs in bold types are intransitive , word or group of words in red colour are complements. The underlined verbs are transitive and the words in blue colour are objects.

1. The boy stood on the burning deck. Intransitive
2. Tony has fallen sick. Intransitive
3. The water is very cold.
4. The man saw the accident with his own eyes. Transitive The man saw what? The answer is accident.So object of ‘saw’ is ‘accident'
5. The baby fell asleep.
6. They are French.
7. The rumour seems true.
8. He did not tell the truth.
9. They made her queen.
10. The bad boys hide their faults.
11. He is hiding behind the tree.
12. We patiently waited at the station.
13. The bird flew down and took away the cheese.
14. Our children like sweets.

Do it yourself. 

Transitive  and Intransitive Verbs

Click Study Idioms and Phrases

1. The peon rang the bell.
2. The bell rang after the first period.
3. Sam sang a beautiful song.
4. They sang well in the function.
5. Who has broken the window?
6. The windows broke in the storm.
7. She called her servant a fool.
8. His parents named her Patricia.
9. He painted the box red.
10. You look sad.
11. The milk turned sour.

English Grammar Online Test

Instructions : 1. Choose the options carefully . 

2. There are different grammar based questions . 

3. Choose the appropriate counterparts for the given statements . 

4. There will 20 questions each time randomly selected. 

5. New questions will be added twice a week  

Whatsapp Chat Series

🌏Study From Home Project🌏

Whatsapp Chat Series





Objective :To enable students to speak English

Skill : Dialogue Writing, Use of "either.. or", neither... nor" 'not only... but also'.

Topic : Dialogue between two students

Ajay: Hi, Vinay. Shall we play outside?
Vinay : Hey, Ajay. No, not at all. Safety first.
Ajay : How long yaar! I am fed up of being confined to rooms.
Vinay: I too. But we have to remain inside for some more days. Why don't you play indoor game?
Ajay : I have neither a brother nor a sister to play with me. Whom should I play with?
Vinay: I play with my parents . You can play carrom, chess, ludo and cards with either your father or your mother..
Ajay : Hum. Great idea. I will ask not only my mother but also my father. Thanks for the suggestion. Bye. See you tomorrow online.
Vinay: Bye. But don't forget to sanitize your cell phone and wash your hands.


🌏Study From Home Project🌏

Whatsapp Chat Series No. 2




Objective :To enable students to speak English

Skill : Dialogue Writing, Use of "enough to ", Exclamatory sentences " .

Topic : Dialogue between two students

*Ajay* : Good morning, Vinay. 🌷
*Vinay* : Good morning. How was your day?
*Ajay* : A lot of fun. We played carrom.
*Vinay* : Humm! Who played with you?
*Ajay* : My father. We first Sanitized the board.
*Vinay*: Hey, it's necessary.
*Ajay* : My father played well enough to win the board. Then my mother joined the game. She too played well. How did you pass your day?
*Vinay*: I played chess with my brother. I read Amar Chitrakatha. I helped my mother in the kitchen.
*Ajay*: Really! What a good boy you are!
*Vinay*: Now I will help my mother to knead Kanik(dough) .
*Ajay*: You mean wheat flour?
*Vinay*: Ya. Thank you. Bye.
*Ajay* : Bye


🌏Study From Home Project🌏

Whatsapp Chat Series

By: Prafulla Mahure
MAHATMA GANDHI JR COLLEGE GADCHANDUR



Objective :To enable students to speak English

Skill : Dialogue Writing, Use of "Simple Past Tense and Simple Present Tense ", modal auxiliaries :should, must " 'Rhetorical Questions, question tag'.

Topic : Dialogue between two students
Ajay: Good evening .
Vinay : Good evening.
Ajay : Yesterday you promised to help your mother. What did you do?
Vinay: I swept the house and cleaned my clothes. What did you do?
Ajay: I made tea for my family.
Vinay: And then?
Ajay: I washed utensils. I chopped an onion and peeled boiled potatoes.
Vinay: Isn't it a tough job working in the kitchen? Who knows how the mother does this everyday?
Ajay : Really it is a tough job.
Vinay : Ya, we should help her everyday.
Ajay: My mother suggested me to wash hands before and after doing any work.
Vinay : She is right, isn't she?
Ajay : Yes, she is. We must follow.
Vinay: Ok, good bye.
Ajay : Bye.

Whatsapp Responses on Poetic Creativity

Compose four lines expressing the grief of having lost nature due to modernisation.

Developers develop cities
Turn deaf ears to the cries
Of environmentalists. Duties

We have to stop nature fries.

By Prafulla Mahure, Gadchandur 

The sound of chirping birds has lost,
The sound of children's small fights is lost
For now we are modernised
We sit at home and enjoy the world at our fingertips.
By Sanam Sheikh


In the name of modernization,
We have forgotten our civilization.
The builders cut the trees for construction,
That leads to the nature's destruction.
By Vaishali Jane Nagpur

Nature, you are a great creator,
Centuries passed and we have crossed so many borders,
Robbing your bounties.
Today we stand on the verge of destruction,
Nature you are a great destructor.

By Madhavi Paul, Chandrapur

Ohh!! Nature, Once lost dark will be future,

Care now, staying mature,

Corona is my feature,

Badly bruised but saving my creature.

By Anna Pardeshi


"Silent mornings are things of the past
Vast green spaces were not meant to last
All that lasted today is civilization and it's lust
We took Nature for granted and everything we got as a Gift
Only to be reminded by Her......No more That's It!!"
  By Sagrika KC College, Mumbai

We have become modernized.
But don't you think we are sad?
We had to pay a huge price.
For this gradual rise.

By Sheela Narshimhan, Mumbai

Civilization taught man
Greed, avarice, thirst
Now he will learn
Environment first
By Kailas Mahajan , Mumbai

Destroy arms ammunition and their makers 
They are real enemies of future

By Mahepaikar Sheikh.

Film Review

Write a review of the film that you have watched. Give details about the film using following supporting points. 

✅ Title of the film

✅ The star cast

✅ The central idea

✅ The reason you like the film

✅ The message given

Story: Rancho(Amir Khan) , Raju and Farhan enter the best engineering college. They want to learn lessons of life. It cannot be taught through books and classrooms. Principal Viru Sahastrabuddhe is no help at all.He believes in enforcing knowledge and information.

Movie Review:  It is indeed a great movie getting the seetis and taalis. It is a movie reflecting educational system and parental aspirations.
The three idiots, Rancchoddas Shyamaldas Chanchad (Aamir Khan), Raju Rastogi (Sharman Joshi) and Farhan Qureshi (R Madhavan), are perfect revolutionist of the new age Indian. They choose to live life on their own terms. They pave new roads deviating from the rat race. Naturally, they end up heroes taking the road less travelled by.
The film begins with the entry of our threesome in the city's elite engineering college. They face the mandatory ragging sessions. New entrant Ranccho becomes leader . Rancho not only leads his friends through the maze of India's competitive and high-pressure education system but also he tutors them on several life mantras.

So, you have the threesome in a confrontation with authority, as represented through the Viru Sahastrabuddhe (Boman Irani), the unsmiling Principal. He advocates to kill the competition, because there is only one place at the top. Students like Chatur (Omi) end up as duhs in real life and non-conformists (Rancho ), could end up as eventual winners. More importantly, they could be high not only in IQ (intelligence quotient) but in EQ (emotional quotient) too, never losing their humaneness and social networking skills.
The high point of the film is the fact that director Rajkumar Hirani says so much, without losing his sense of humour. The film keeps audience laughing despite being high on fundas. Certain sequences almost have you rolling in the aisle, like the ragging sequence, Omi's chamatkar/balatkar speech, the threesome's wedding crasher sequence, their mournful meal with Raju's mournful mum and Rancho's sundry demos to prove how Kareena has chosen the wrong guy for herself. The second half of the film does falter in parts, specially the child birth sequence.

Amongst the performances, Aamir Khan is stupendous as the rule-breaker Rancho. But the rest of the cast doesn't remain in the shadows. Both Sharman and Madhavan manage to carve their independent characters as lovable rebels too. Even Kareena shines out, despite her short role. A special mention for Boman Irani who is impeccable as `Virus', newcomer Omi who perfectly slips into the stereotype of the best.
Story: Rajkumar Hirani and Abhijat Joshi script a warm and rude education system that prepares rats for a rat race.
Dialogue: Witty and wild, the film walks away with the best comic scene of the year citation with its uproarious `balatkar' speech.

Music: The songs do come alive on screen, specially Zoobie-Doobie and Aal Izz Well.

Choreography: Nice one .

Cinematography: The streets of Delhi and the picture postcard beauty of Ladakh are captured.

See here    Book Review

Film Review on MS Dhoni Untold Story 

Preposition Exercise

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word:
1.She dispensed .......... her old textbooks.
2.The artist persists.......... painting landscapes even if they are not in
vogue.
3.Please tell the ambulance to stand........... in case of emergency.
4.The thief who stole the painting from the museum is still ...........
large.
5.Most victims of the earthquake are safe and ............ recovery.
6.The child fell ........... meekly to his parent's wishes.
7.This cruise liner is bound ........... the Maldives.

Key to the exercise

1.She dispensed with her old textbooks.
2.The artist persists in painting landscapes even if they are not in
vogue.
3.Please tell the ambulance to stand by in case of emergency.
4.The thief who stole the painting from the museum is still at
large.
5.Most victims of the earthquake are safe and in recovery.
6.The child fell in meekly to his parent's wishes.
7.This cruise liner is bound for the Maldives.