News Writing

News Writing is a basic question for std 12. News is devided into four parts. 

1 Headline 

2 Dateline 

3 Lead/Intro 

4 Main Body 

Headline is written in bold letters. It is in Simple Present Tense. Sometimes shortened form of passive voice is used. Concrete words are used. Articles are omitted. 

Dateline : A name of town/city  date month (name of news writer/news agency) 

Intro means Introductory  paragraph 

Lead means leading paragraph  

It contains answers for what where when who why /how. 

Main body contains important details of the events. It is put in descending order  of importance. 

Headline can be turned into a lead . While writing lead headline should  be used in full form passive. Past tense should be used. Add when happened and where happened.   

50 Killed As Bus Falls into 30-ft-deep Gorge 

Hyderabad, 9 Sep (PTI)

AT least 50 people were killed and 10 others suffered serious injuries when a state transport bus plunged into a 30-foot deep gorge near Jagtial in Telangana on Tuesday, officials said. The ghat road, where the  accident happened, had been declared accident prone and unsafe by police earlier.The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) bus, carrying around 60 passengers, was traveling towards Jagtiyal town from Kondagattu temple, located atop a hill, when the vehicle reportedly skidded off the ghat road while negotiating a sharp turn, Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) G Narendra said.The driver reportedly had lost control of the vehicle "either due to brake failure or some fault. Twenty three passengers died on the spot, while around 25 others were shifted to hospital. The Chief Minister K Chandrashekhar Rao has announced ex-gratia of Rs 10 lakh to the families of the dead and has assured free treatment to the injured. 

Children's Day Celebrated

Our Correspondent

Gadchandur, Nov 14

Children's Day was celebrated with fervor to mark the birth anniversary of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru today at Mahatma Gandhi Vidhyalaya and Jr. College, Gadchandur.At the outset , the Principal Giridhar Bobade lighted the traditional lamp and garlanded the photographs of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. In his introductory speech, vice-principal Sharad Jogi threw light over the life of  legendary man Pandit Nehru. Tiny tots from middle school were very much eloquent speaking about Panditji. Principal Bobade in his presidential speech  urged children to inculcate punctuality and time management of Pandit Nehru.On the occasion science exhibition was arranged wherein 50 children presented their scientific models under the guidance of science teachers. Ashish Derkar compered the program whereas Sau Bharati Ghonge proposed a vote of thanks.

A Lighting Strike Kills Women

BUIDANA, Sept 8

A LIGHTNING strike killed a 35-year-old woman and injured the other woman at Pendawangi in Chikhli taluka on Sunday. As per reports,  were working in the farm of Madav Shejul. In the afternoon, it started raining heavily along with thunder and lightning. Mangla Ermule (35) was killed on the spot by the bolt of lightning while Shashikala Irle

(60) sustained serious injuries. Pradeep Patil rushed Shashikala Irle to  rural hospital. The Revenue Department officials performed panchanama. Mangal Ermule is survived by husband, a daughter and son. In yet another incident,a farmer Vijay Sonune, resident of Chandola village in suffered loss of around Rs 65,000.

3 Youths Meet Watery Grave

Our Correspondent

CHANDUR BAZAR, sept 26

IN A tragic incident, three youths from Chandur Bazar tehsil of Amravati district met a watery grave in Purna river in neighbouring Madhya Pradesh. The incident took place at Belkund village on Monday evening when  Ranjit Langote           

and Aniket Bharti, both from Thugaon Pimpri.

As per details, seven B Sc Second Year students from G C Tompe College, Chandur Bazar had gone to Babaji Dhuniwale Sansthan at Belkund village, about 15 kms from Ghat Ladaki in Amravati and coming under the jurisdiction of Athner Police Station in Madhya Pradesh. The students celebrated the birthday of Harshal Ardak in the afternoon. In the evening, the youths decided to enter Purhariver for a swim. But as soon as they entered the water the youths Harshal Ardak,  Ranjit Langote and Aniket Bharti started drowning. The other youthsraised analarm for help.

60-yr-old woman dies as truck, motorcycle collide

Tirora, 9 February (PTI  

A 60-year-old woman died on the spot in motorbike truck collision while two others were seriously injured on Monday. As per details Damyanta Bhairam (60) resident of Menda village, was returning to home on Bajaj CT Boxer motorcycle with her son Raju Bhairam and daughter-inlaw Usha Bhairam. As they approached near Union Bank on Tirora

Road, the speeding truck (MH - 35 1 K5072) loaded with empty LPG cylinders,   dashed the two wheeler in  which Damyanta died on the spot while Raju and his  wife sustained critical injuries. PI Sandeep Koli and team reached the spot and and sent the injured to Rural Hospital. The traffic was also got disrupted for some time. The truck driver fled the spot leaving the vehicle. Police have registered offence against the driver under relevant sections.

Prize Distribution Ceremony 

Chandrapur, Sept 23

Navdurga Utsav samiti is organising felicitation and Prize distribution ceremony on the occasion of Navratri festival on September 29 at Chavdeshwari Sabhagruha, Chavdeshwari Square, near Nandavan Police Station. The event will be held at 6 pm onwards.

Dr Girish Gandhi will be the

chief guest of the programme Renowned poet Asha Pande be the special guest of the event. Subodh Dharmadhikari,

Balasaheb Deshmukh, Sanjay Jariwala, Mohanrao Kashikar, Shivling Patwe and Ram Anand Thengni will honour students during the programme. Tanaji Wanve and Harish Dikondwar will also share the dais.

Book 'Pausprashna' will be released during the event.

Appeal

Activity Sheet Pattern : Std 11And 12 English

STD 11 Important Activities

Vocabulary Booster

Std 7 

*Vocabulary Booster: Language Study*

Formation of verbs

Sharp टोकदार /धारदार - sharpen. (make sharp)
Wide रुंद - widen (make wide)
Deep (खोल) - deepen
Broad(विस्तृत) - broaden
Short - shorten
Bright - brighten
Dark - darken
Weak - weaken
Tight - tighten
Long/Length - lengthen
High /height - heighten
Strong /strength - strengthen
Fright - frighten

Simplify - make simple
Simplify your plan so that we can understand.
Rectify - make corrections
Pacify - make calm
Beautify - decorate
Personify - applying human quality
Clarify - make clear
Certify - to state as true
Amplify - make louder
Modify - improve
Magnify - make it appear larger
Dignify - make impressive
Verify - check
Satisfy - make satisfaction
Signify - stand as a symbol
Purify - make pure
Glorify - praise
Specify - make specific
Notify - inform
Classify - make classification
Qualify - meet the qualifications
Stupefy - stun, surprise
Identify - recognize
Nullify - declare invalid 

Match One word substitution

1) Absence of government.----

2) Government by one---

3)One who does not believe in the existence of God---

4)A piece of writing without the name of writer---

5)One who does something not professionally but for pleasure---

6)A gathering of listeners---

7)Yearly return of a date ---

8)Life history of a person written by himself or herself---

9)A large field for aeroplanes---

10)A wide road with trees on both sides---

1. Anarchy
2. Aristocracy
3. Atheist
4. Anonymous
5.  Amateur
6.  Audience
7. Anniversary
8.  Autobiography
9. Airport
10.   Avenune

Do as directed Grade 11

Language Study
Do as Directed: Grade 11 CBSE

1.Very few men would be cruel to a child.(begin-Not many......)
Ans : Not many men would be cruel to a child.

2.There is no smoke without fire.
(end-.......there is fire.)
Ans : If there is smoke, there is fire.
3.Your success has always pleased me.(begin-I have......)
Ans : I have always been pleased with your success.
4.He is a virtuous man.(begin-He has...)
Ans : He has been a virtuous man.


Q.Fill in the blanks with appropiate words:

1. The patient is confined..............bed for ever.
Ans : The patient is confined to bed for ever.
2.Our teacher is an authority ..... English poetry .
Ans : Our teacher is an authority of English poetry .


Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed:
The south makes an equal strong claim.(Rewrite into Present Perfect Tense)
The south has made an equal strong claim.
The visitor is spoiled for choice. ( Rewrite it in Past Perfect Tense)
The visitor had been spoiled for choice.
India today is one of the most exciting tourist destination in the world.
(Change the Degree).
Today very few destinations in the world are as exciting as India.
He has developed a marked sense of humor. (Rewrite it in Future Perfect Tense)

He will have developed a marked sense of humor.

His heart is bigger than his brain. (Change the Degree)

His brain is not as big as his heart.
The Hamal Panchayat has also created a free secondary school.(Identity the Tense.)
Present Perfect Tense
He owns no property. (Rewrite using ‘not’)
He does not own any property.

The unions are all funded through contributions and from small economic activities. (Rewrite using not only.. but also.)

The unions are all funded not only through contributions but also from small economic activities.

Madhu is _________ model and _____ artist. ( Use suitable articles in blanks)
Madhu is a model and an artist.
Meet me ___10.30 a.m. ______Monday. (Use suitable prepositions in blanks )

Meet me at10.30 a.m. on Monday.

Teacher: How far is your home from your college?
Rupali: More than 2 km.

Teacher asked how far her home is. Rupali replied that it is more than 2 km.

Seeing all the people gathered there waiting for him, he was even more pleased. (Rewrite As a compound sentence)

Compound : He saw all the people gathered there waiting for him and he was (became) even more pleased.

Complex : He was (became) even more pleased when he saw all the people gathered there waiting for him.

Grammar HSC 2017

(B) Grammar
Do as directed
(1) J.R.D. Tata was...... amazing personality. He always helped....
poor in the country.
(Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles.)
1) J.R.D. Tata was an amazing personality. He always helped the
poor in the country.
(2)They stood silence as a mark honour to her.
(Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.)
(2)They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her.
(3)"Where are you going?" he asked. "Pune, Sir, my husband is starting a company called Infosys and I'm shifting to Pune.-
(Change it into Indirect speech.)
He asked where she was going. She replied that she was going to Pune . She added that her husband was starting a company called Infosys and she was shifting to Pune.


Set B
Q. 5 Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.
i. He was delighted to see the prosperity of his kingdom. (Rewrite as Rhetorical Question)
Ans : Wasn't he delighted to see the property of his kingdom?
ii. Summon people from all the walks of life to the court. (Begin with ‘Let……..)
Ans : Let the people from all the walks of life be summoned to the court.
iii. As soon as the king arrived in the court humming happy tune to himself, he cleared his throat. ( Rewrite using ‘No sooner…… than)
Ans: No sooner did the king arrive in the court humming happy tune to himself than he cleared his throat.

Set C
Q. 5 Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.
We need many such organizations. ( Frame wh-question to get underlined part as an answer)
Ans: What do we need?

II. It reduces inequality. (Rewrite it using the Present Perfect Tense)
Ans: It has reduced inequality.
III. The air will be clean, as pollution levels will have dropped dramatically. (Rewrite it using ‘unless ‘. )
Ans : Unless the pollution levels will have dropped dramatically, the air will not be clean.

Set D
Que 1 A (5) Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.
He goes for his morning walk at 1 pm. (Rewrite it in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
Ans: He has been going for his morning walk at 1 pm.
They live in different time zones. ( Make it a complex sentence. )
Ans: They live in such a zones which are different in time.
The man decides to take a day off from work. (Rewrite it using the noun form of the underlined word.)
Ans: The man takes the decision to take a day off from work.

Grammar HSC Feb 2018

Conversation 1

*Teacher 1*: Hey buddy , do    you want to learn French ?

*Teacher 2*: Yaa , I would like to . But how ?

*T 1* : Just think how we learn our mother tongue . We used to listen people around us .After a silent listening for a year , we started to utter .

*T 2* : But ,people around us     do not speak French . So how can we listen ?

*T 3*. Hey buddies , in this era of internet , you need not worry . Just go online find videos , audios , speeches and interviews and listen to them. If you read loudly , you can listen to yourself .

*T 2*: Thanks bro . It's a nice idea .

*T 1* : Thanks for the suggestion 

*T 3* : Good luck . Do you know I don't know French ? But I have learned English this way . So I am sure you can learn any language only beginning with listening .

*The conversation that takes place in my dream. I would like to share with you* .

Tense At A Glance

GK TEST 1

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Listening Skills

Narayan Surve's My Mother

When the stars go off
Tall chimney-sirens sound
Daily with fast steps
Marching to the mill
Who looked backwards
And told us so lovingly
"Do not fight with anyone"
Gave us two paise
On the day before Dasara
She went with five of us
To see the festival
We bantered in the lanes
What a great pleasure
Beyond words
We returned with balloons
And whistles and pipes
We became birds

What happened on one day
They brought her in a cart
Her eyes were open
Blood gushed from her mouth
Her partner saluted
Came near, caressed us and said 'Balu'
We saw mutely everything
We searched our umbrella
Our roof, our mother.

That night we five
Stuck closer and
Wrapped up to the coverlet
Taking it to be mother's affection
Already we had nothing
Now there was even no mother
We awake all night
letting tears
Now we became fully unattached.

Digital Storytelling on Any Device with Sway

Vowel Magic

Words consisting all five vowel letters 

➡➡ precaution 

➡➡ communicate

➡➡questionable 

➡➡ persuasion

➡➡ permutation 

➡➡ mountaineer 

➡➡ authorize 

➡➡ augmentation 

➡➡ auctioneer 

➡➡ auriferous 

➡➡ dialogue

➡➡ revolutionary 

➡➡ simultaneous 

➡➡ superannuation 

➡➡ gregarious 

➡➡ behaviour 

➡➡ reputation 

➡➡ computerization

➡➡ Education 

➡➡ automobile

Holiday Homework

Rewrite the following sentences into all types of Tenses.

1. A farmer ploughs his field.
2. I type an SMS.
3. They sow seeds in the farm.
4. It rains.
5. He directs a film.

Identify the Tense.

1. It is interesting.
2. They are inspired.
3. She put her bag on the table.
4. She has been telling a story.
5. He had entered the class.
6. She was working with her friend.
7. He will have completed his project.
8. They had been erecting a building.
9. How much does it cost?
10. What will you do ?
11. You did not reach in time.
12. He will be doing sums.

Change the voice.

1. He is especially entranced by the magic glimmer.
2. I saw this process.
3. We are generating forces.
4. They have been entertained by us.
5. She had cooked food.
6. You are welcomed by them.
7. Adolf Hitler wrote MEIN KAMPF.
8. It is being read by me,
9. He took out a mass demonstration in favour of national unity.
10. He was highly influenced by two people.

Change the degree

1. Blood is thicker than water.

2. Sword is not as mighty as pen.

3. 99 is the greatest two digit number.

4. No other boy is as clever as Aniket.

5. Platinum is more expensive than any other metal.

6. Mango is one of the sweetest fruits

7. Very few players are as good as Sachin.

8. Akola is hotter than most other cities.

Click the "Show/Hide" button to toggle between hiding and showing the answers:

All type of tenses
1 A farmer ploughs his field .
A farmer ploughed his field . (s p)
A farmer will plough his field . (s f)
A farmer is plugging his field . (pr con)
A farmer was ploughing his field .(p con )
A farmer will be ploughing his field .(f con )
A farmer has ploughed his field .(pr perf )
A farmer had ploughed his field .(p perf)
A farmer will have ploughed his field .(f perf)
A farmer has been ploughing his field .(pr per c)
A farmer had been ploughing his field .(p per c)
A farmer will have been ploughing his field .(f per c)
Identify the tense.
1)Simple present tense 2) Simple present tense (passive construction) 3) Simple past tense 4) Present Perfect continuous tense 5)Past perfect tense 6)Past continuous tense 7) Future perfect tense 8)Past perfect continuous tense 9) Simple present tense 10) Simple future tense 11) Simple past tense 12) Future continuous tense.
🔹 Change the voice.🔹
1)The magic glimmer especially entrances him.
2)This process was seen by me.
3) Forces are being generated by us.
4)We have entertained them.
5) Food had been cooked by her.
6)They welcome you.
7) MEIN KAMPF was written by Adolf Hitler.
8)I am reading it.
9)A mass demonstration was taken out in favour of national unity by him.
Or A mass demonstration in favour of national unity was taken out by him.
10)Two people highly influenced him. Or Two people influenced him highly.
Change the degree.
1) Water is not as thick as blood.
2)Pen is mightier than sword.
3) Positive-- No other two digit number is as great as 99.
Comparative- -99 is greater than any other two digit number.
4) Superlative-- Aniket is the cleverest boy.
Comparative-- Aniket is cleverer than any other boy.
5) Superlative-- Platinum is the most expensive metal.
Positive-- No other metal is as /so expensive as platinum.
6) Positive-- Very few fruits are as sweet as mango.
Comparative-- Mango is sweeter than most other fruits. 7) Superlative-- Sachin is one of the best players.
Comparative--- Sachin is better than most other players. 8) Positive--Very few cities are as hot as Akola.
Superlative-- Akola is one of the hottest cities.

Holiday Homework 2

News about Blog

Do as directed SSC

1. Match the following sentences with their correct question tag:

A	B
The word cereal comes from Ceres,	will you?
Atta is prepacked and milled,	can't you?
You can smell the river in the grain,	isn't it?
Get your Atta freshly ground from a local chakki,	doesn't it?
I was like any other kid	am I?
I am not surprised with these ressults,	don't they?
People shoo birds away,	wasn't I?

Key The word cereal comes from Ceres,doesn't it? Atta is prepacked and milled,isn't it? You can smell the river in the grain,can't you? Get your Atta freshly ground from a local chakki,will you? I was like any other kid,wasn't I? I am not surprised with these ressults,am I ? People shoo birds away,don't they?
2. Complete the following sentences by using passive voice.
1. You can save eight to ten trees every year.
• Eight to ten trees can be saved every year by you.

Your family uses a ton of paper every year.

• A ton of paper is used by your family every year.

He vacated the seat.

• The seat was vacated by him.

Language Study

1. "It's so unfair!"said the boys.(Rewrite as indirect speech.)
• The boys exclaimed that it was very unfair.
2. People are consuming packaged food.(Frame 'wh' question to get the underlined part as an answer.)
• Who are consuming packaged food?
3. One needs to do a little bit of time management and planning.
• What does one need to do ?
4. These medals are bigger than any other awards.(Begin the sentence with "No other award....")
• No other award is as big as these medals.
5. Their expansion was put on hold.(Rewrite using the Present Perfect tense of the underlined verb)
• Their expansion has been put on hold.
6. The true survival rate is not adequate.(Rewrite as an affirmative sentence.)
• The true survival rate is inadequate.
7. Playing for India gave me the opportunity to travel the world, to play on some of the greatest grounds of the world.(Rewrite using 'not only ..... but also)
• Playing for India gave me the opportunity not only to travel the world but also to play on some of the greatest grounds of the world.
8. Virdhawal Khade is the fastest swimmer in the world.(Begin your sentence with 'No other swimmer.....)
• No other swimmer is as fast as Virdhawal Khade.
9. He holds several records.(Begin with 'The several records.....)
• The several records are held by him.
10. She looked across at Geraldine Wong.(Frame 'wh' question to get the underlined part as an answer.)
• Whom did she look across at?
11. She thought wryly. (Frame Yes/No type question.)
• Did she think wryly?

Grammar Worksheet

Key 1

KEY 1

1. I did not like the idea of making Omelette.
2. Mother was not at home, wasn't she?
3. No sooner had Dave begun his second year than he heard himself hopelessly swamped.
4. Don't lose faith, will you?
5. I would spend hours under it.
6. We treated him with respect.
7. Present Perfect Tense.
8. She has been playing the role in Hollywood .
9. Possibility
10. The science class had started when Satish reached the college.
11. COMP: This is greater than any other lesson in life.
      POSI: No other lesson in life is as great as this.
12. They aren't free from the burden of parental aspiration.
13. Let us resolve to give our children the freedom of childhood, shall we?
14. Isn't he the right person to do this?
15. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
16. The problem was too difficult to solve.
17. Not only boys but also girls are given equal opportunity.
18. There was neither electricity nor primary school.
19. It was a very pleasant idea.
20. Chennai's climate was not hotter than my father's moods.

Summary Writing

First step in making a summary of a given passage is to understand the original extract clearly. There are certain principles to bear in mind while writing a summary; selection, order, conciseness, clearness, smoothness and unity.
1 Selection: It mainly lies in separating the essential from what is superfluous. During each reading, one can go on marking the salient points of the given passage then they can be afterwards paraphrased in one’s own words.
2 Order: A summary must also possess order. It must present a clear unbroken sequence of ideas. Do not change the order of events or reasoning in the original passage.
3 Conciseness: It is the chief quality of a summary, in fact its very soul. Avoid using a clause where a phrase would suffice; or a phrase where one word would be enough.
4 Clearness: One must avoid all vague expressions and phrases and be very careful about missing the essential points. Failure to be clear means that you have not understood the original passage.
5 Smoothness: Various parts of the summary must neatly fit in with one another. Sometimes the use of links ‘but’, ‘and’ might take your Passage smooth.
6 Unity: The summary must have unity, in other words, it must be an organic whole, not a mere sum of various parts.Select your ideas carefully, join them properly, make them clear and concise and above all knit them together, indivisibly. When the summary has unity it is a complete literary form, independent of the passage from which it is derived it should be a miniature model essay, with a beginning, a middle and an end.



Exclude
In your summary you must omit
1. All repetition of ideas, which the original writer might have resorted to for the sake of emphasis.
2. All illustrative comparisons employed in the original for the sake of literary ornament.
3. All round-about expressions.
4. All examples given in the original to expand or clear some abstract or vague ideas.
5. Any irrelevant ideas used for blowing up the size of the passage.
A few don'ts
1. Do not use the words or phrases employed in the original passage.
2. Do not imitate the construction of the original sentences.
3. Do not introduce any ideas of your own.
4. Do not be irrelevant.
5. Do not materially exceed the limit of words indicated by the examiner.
6. Do not use telegraphic expressions.
7. Do not use phrases like, ‘In my opinion’, The writer says’ etc.

आपल्या दैनंदिन जीवनात आपले म्हणने थोडक्यात सांगता व लिहिता येणे गरजेचे असते. कारण आजच्या गतिमान जीवनात आपले विचार संक्षेपाने सांगता येणे खूप महत्वाचे बनले आहे. यासाठी संक्षेपाने बोलणे आणि लिहिणे ही क्षमता जोपासणे नि वृ‌द्धिंगत करणे आवश्यक असते. त्यासाठी 'सारांशलेखन कौशल्य आत्मसात करून विकसित करणे गरजेचे असते. विस्तारित गद्य

उता-यातील विचार समजून घेउन तो संक्षेपाने मांडणे म्हणजेच 'सारांशलेखन' होय. सारांशलेखन करण्यासाठी मूळ उतारा एकाग्रतेने वाचण्याची क्षमता विकसित करून त्याचा सराव करणे गरजेचे असते. आपण कोणत्याही क्षेत्रात कार्यरत असलो तरी आपले विचार मोजक्या व अचूक शब्दात मांडण्याची कला आत्मसात करणे आवश्यक असते. ही कला आत्मसात करण्या साठी सारांशलेखन' हे कौशल्य विकसित करणे गरजेचे असते. याचाच अर्थ, मूळ उता-यातील आशयाचा संक्षेप किंवा सारांश म्हणजे 'सारांशलेखन' होय. हे भाषिक कौशल्य आहे. हे भाषिक कौशल्य आत्मसात करण्यासाठी खालील बाबी लक्षात घेणे गरजेचे आहे;

प्रथम मूळ उता-याचे एकाग्रतेने वाचन करावे. आशय नीट समजून घ्यावा. मध्यवर्ती आशय शोधावा. मूळ आशय कायम ठेवून स्वतःच्या शब्दात मांडणी करावी. उता-यातील एकूण शब्द संख्येच्या एक-तृतीयांश शब्दात सारांश लिहावा. उता-याबद्दल स्वतःचे मत मांडू नये उता-याचे समिक्षण करू नये. संयुक्त व मिश्र वाक्यांऐवजी केवल वाक्यांचा यथायोग्य वापर करावा. आपण केलेल्या सारांशलेखनास योग्य असे शीर्षक दयावे.

In our daily life it is necessary to be able to say and write our sayings briefly. Because in today's dynamic life it has become very important to be able to express your thoughts concisely. For this it is necessary to cultivate and improve the ability to speak and write concisely. For that, it is necessary to acquire and develop summarizing skills. Extended Prose

Summarizing is to understand the thoughts in the passage and summarize it. In order to write a summary, it is necessary to develop the ability to read the original text with concentration and practice it. No matter what field you are working in, it is necessary to master the art of expressing your thoughts in few and precise words. To master this art, it is necessary to develop the skill of summarizing. This means 'summary' is a summary or summary of the content of the original text. This is a linguistic skill. To acquire this linguistic skill, it is necessary to keep in mind the following points;

First read the original text with concentration. Understand the content well. Find the central content. Keep the original content and present it in your own words. Write a summary in one-third of the total word count of the passage. One should not express one's own opinion about the passage and should not criticize the passage. Instead of compound and mixed sentences, only sentences should be used appropriately. Give your summary an appropriate title..

Read the following extract and write a summary with a suitable title. 3 Marks
(Remember 1 Mark for title and two marks for summary.)

Read the following passage carefully:-

The work of the heart can never be interrupted The heart’s job is to keep oxygen rich blood flowing through the body. All the body’s cells need a constant supply of Oxygen, especially those in the brain. The brain cells like only four to five minutes after their oxygen is cut off, and death comes to the entire body.

The heart is a specialized muscle that serves as a pump. This pump is divided into four chambers connected by tiny doors called valves. The chambers work to keep the blood flowing round the body in a circle.

At the end of each circuit, veins carry the blood to the right atrium, the first of the four chambers 2/5 oxygen by then is used up and it is on its way back to the lung to pick up a fresh supply and to give up the carbon dioxide it has accumulated. From the right atrium the blood flow through the tricuspid valve into the second chamber, the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts when it is filled, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery, which leads to the lungs – in the lungs the blood gives up its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen. Then it travels to the third chamber the left atrium. When this chamber is filled it forces the blood through the a valve to the left ventricle. From here it is pushed into a big blood vessel called aorta and sent round the body by way of arteries.

Heart disease can result from any damage to the heart muscle, the valves or the pacemaker. If the muscle is damaged, the heart is unable to pump properly. If the valves are damaged blood cannot flow normally and easily from one chamber to another, and if the pacemaker is defective, the contractions of the chambers will become less coordinated.

Until the twentieth century, few doctors dared to touch the heart. In 1953 all this changed after twenty years of work, Dr. John Gibbon in the USA had developed a machine that could take over temporarily from the heart and lungs. Blood could be routed through the machine bypassing the heart so that surgeons could work inside it and see what they were doing. The era of open heart surgery had began.

In the operating theatre, it gives surgeons the chance to repair or replace a defective heart. Many parties have had plastic valves inserted in their hearts when their own was faulty. Many people are being kept alive with tiny battery operated pacemakers; none of these repairs could have been made without the heart – lung machine. But valuable as it is to the surgeons, the heart lung machine has certain limitations. It can be used only for a few hours at a time because its pumping gradually damages the bloods cells.

ANS : Summary:- Working Of Heart

The heart is a vital organ of the body, which never stop working. It supplies oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body. It is divided into four chambers inter connected by valves. Blood is purified in the lungs and arteries carry it to different parts of the body. Heart disease has various cause such as weak muscles defective valves or a defective pace maker. The era of open-heart surgery began in 1953 when Dr. Gibbon developed the heart lung machine. Replacement of valves and other areas of a damaged heart is now possible.

Read the following extract and write a summary with a suitable title.
Remember 1 Mark for title and two marks for summary.

Children who are dyslexic have problems processing specific visual information, resulting in trouble reading and writing. Until recently, it was thought to be language-related areas of the brain which were deficient, but new research suggests that dyslexics have difficulty with the control of eye movement, or ‘eye wobble’. Scientists based at the Quiescent laboratory and researchers at the Dyslexia Research Trust are working together to adapt hi-tech spectacles, developed to monitor the eye movements of fighter pilots, into miniaturized versions for children as young as five.

It is hoped the technology will help children like the six-year-old boy who asked Dr Sue Fowler, a researcher at the Dyslexia Research Trust’s clinic, ‘Do you want to know a secret? All the words on the page move and I don’t know how they do it because they don’t have any legs.’ Other children with dyslexia may report a disturbing sensation of ‘glare’ from the printed page, making them rub their eyes frequently. In some dyslexic children, reading causes a headache.

Professor John Stein, professor of neurology at Magdalene College, Oxford, has spent 20 years researching the connection between lack of eye control and reading difficulties. He says, ‘We are visual animals and eye movements are possibly the most important movements we make because they allow us to inspect the world around us. I believe problems with eye wobble account for up to two-thirds of dyslexia cases.

‘Dyslexia is not a disease. It is a brain difference, like left-handedness. We also believe that a cell in the brain, the bmagnocell, is related to eye movement. It seems that magnocells in dyslexics do not develop as well as those in good readers.’The professor, who trained at Oxford and St Thomas’s Hospital in London, will be meeting government officials to prepare for a trial of the hi-tech specs in primary schools in London and Hampshire. Professor Stein and his colleague, Dr Fowler, used the first prototype on a child last summer.

Professor Stein explains, ‘Eye wobble is not obvious to the naked eye. The movements are small and very rapid. The hi-tech specs, which are worn for only a few minutes during tests, are the most accurate technique we have for detecting the amount of eye wobble. The child focuses on a

point 18 inches away and then follows a moving target. The specs show whether the child’s eyes are tracking steadily, or whether they wobble. We would like the specs to be mass-produced, becoming cheap enough to be used in all primary schools.’

Dr Fowler adds, ‘We see 800 children a year from all over the country. They are mostly aged seven to twelve, but people of any age can be assessed. Because we are a charity and investigations are part of our research, children are seen free.‘If we can get children early, their brains are flexible enough to enable them to improve control. After seeing them at the clinic, we give patients daily exercises to enable them to keep their eyes still and fixed on one object. In time, we believe these exercises become etched onto the brain. The result is that reading improves greatly.’

Spell it

Incorrect                                Correct	Incorrect         Correct
acessories                        accessories	accidently              accidentally
acommodate                accommodate	acustum                 accustom
addresed                      addressed	adjustement            adjustment
adviseable                   advisable	allready                     already
alright                         all right	assurence                  assurance
athorize                   authorize	balence                     balance
belive                      believe	benefical                beneficial
benifitted                  benefited	bookkeeper            bookkeeper
buoro                      bureau	Calander                   calendar
Changable            changeable	Chargable               chargeable
Cliant                        client	Colum                        column
Comission                commission	Comit                       commit
Committe                   committee	Comidity                    commodity
Comparitive                comparative	Consede                    concede
Conferense                  conference	Concientious         conscientious
Courtous                      courteous	Criticize                      criticise
Dicision                          decision	Deferred                    deferred
Defcit                             deficit	Depreciation            depreciation
Descreption                   description	Desireable               desirable
Devlopment                   development	Discrepansy           discrepancy
Distributer                      distributor	Elgible                        eligible
Embrassment                 embarrassment	Enforcable           enforceable
Equiped                           equipped	Equivelant            equivalent
Exegerate                        exaggerate	Exceed                       exceed
exchangable                     exchangeable	exhorbitant              exorbitant
exort                                 exhort	extention                   extension
feesble                             feasible	financeer                   financier

	Incorrect	Correct	Incorrect	Correct

How to write english exams ?

 English is one of the most difficult   subjects for students in Std X and XII. HSC board exams kick off on February 18 with this 'killer subject', but with a systematic approach to solving the paper students can expect to do fairly well.

Here are certain points students should remember to ensure that they get the maximum marks.

Tackle questions in the order they appear as the simpler ones are usually listed first. This way you do not waste time scanning for 'easy' questions.

The summary section is of four marks of which one mark is given just for writing a title. Putting any simple title will get you full marks there.

For the remaining three marks in the summary section ensure that you do not copy blatantly from the matter given, use your own words.

In the comprehension section write only one sentence for one mark questions. Writing more won't fetch you extra marks and will instead waste your time.

While solving the 'Tree-Diagram' section, use only pencil to draw branches. Inside the box you can write with pen, but only in capital letters.

In the 'Tourist Leaflet' section remember to draw a text box first and write only within that. You will be marked for creating text box. Within the text box write only in bullet points.

While beautiful handwriting enhances presentation remember that speed is of importance. It is a lengthy paper and legible handwriting is all that moderators are looking for .

A Nation's Strength by Ralph Waldo Emerson